ARGENTINA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

<div style="text-align: center;"><span style="color: #0b5394;"><b><span style="font-size: x-large;">Britain and Argentina should have joint sovereignty over Malvinas (Falklands)</span></b></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="allowfullscreen" frameborder="0" height="266" mozallowfullscreen="mozallowfullscreen" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/cuistWvX9Ls?feature=player_embedded" webkitallowfullscreen="webkitallowfullscreen" width="320"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br /><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">IT’S ABOUT  ANTARCTICA</span></b></span></span><br /><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">BRITISH INCREASED PRESENCE ON THE MALVINAS – FALKLAND ISLANDS IS PRIMARILY ABOUT FAST ACCESS TO THE ANTARCTICA, OIL EXTRACTION AND FISHERY INDUSTRY INTERESTS </span></b></span><br /><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi79czdBrc_EVFjCw-qtc8Diw7bTacw5W4HUTRwag4Gvlmc0DIbkiZUmQtFqLk7-L7-rjdF7uYubMYN-tOYkRszU8Bv_JvQF4vEctEwNDXUmsaKpYMbTzGwnfZvaMfFiWcqQqcVtjdN-ldD/s1600/NSF.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi79czdBrc_EVFjCw-qtc8Diw7bTacw5W4HUTRwag4Gvlmc0DIbkiZUmQtFqLk7-L7-rjdF7uYubMYN-tOYkRszU8Bv_JvQF4vEctEwNDXUmsaKpYMbTzGwnfZvaMfFiWcqQqcVtjdN-ldD/s320/NSF.png" width="312" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: medium;">IT’S ABOUT  ANTARCTICA</span> </span></b></span><br /><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="hps">Se trata de la</span><span class="shorttext"> </span><span class="hps">ANTÁRTIDA</span></span></b></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; font-family: Times,"Times New Roman",serif;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="hps">Recientes</span> actitudes belicistas alrededor de <span class="hps"> las Islas Malvinas</span>  <span class="hps">entre Gran Bretaña</span> <span class="hps">y ARGENTINA</span>, en vísperas <span class="hps">del 30 aniversario</span><span class="hps">de la guerra</span> <span class="hps">de Malvinas</span>, no <span class="hps">tienen que ver con</span> <span class="hps">la defensa</span> <span class="hps">de los isleños</span> <span class="hps">y el</span> <span class="hps">resto de la</span> <span class="hps">retórica de Gran Bretaña</span> <span class="hps">de confrontación</span> que <span class="hps">utiliza</span> <span class="hps">para justificar sus acciones</span> <span class="hps">recientes. Se trata de </span> <span class="hps">los descubrimientos de petróleo</span>, los intereses <span class="hps">de la industria pesquera</span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">para asegurar un</span> <span class="hps">fuerte militar</span> <span class="hps">en el Cono Sur</span> <span class="hps">con el fin de</span> <span class="hps">tener acceso rápido a</span> <span class="hps">la Antártida</span> <span class="hps">el momento que el</span> <span class="hps">Tratado Antártico</span> <span class="hps">se convertirá en nulo</span> <span class="hps">y una carrera</span> <span class="hps">para la explotación</span> <span class="hps">de los recursos naturales</span> <span class="hps">y la extracción</span> <span class="hps">resultará en</span> <span class="hps">guerra </span> <span class="hps">"entre los países</span> <span class="hps">que reclaman</span> <span class="hps">el territorio</span> <span class="hps">en el continente.</span><span class="shorttext"> </span><span class="hps">Esto conducirá</span> <span class="hps">muy probablemente a</span> <span class="hps">los enfrentamientos armados</span> <span class="hps">y</span> <span class="hps">por lo tanto,</span> <span class="hps">Gran Bretaña, con</span> <span class="hps">sus</span>  <span class="hps">bases en  MALVINAS</span>  <span class="hps">tendrá una ventaja</span> <span class="hps">militar para proteger a</span> <span class="hps">la fuerza</span> <span class="hps">sus intereses nacionales.</span></span><br /></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmurySGPn9_Qe6ZXxK5z6cDEWYge9GJdh0hbwZRfCVHSp0qPqOaaLM2VXTfpmGgDHmScgk5Ur1ziVF1s6FV-nxmV1btZVbgJSNvt5-PRmutupIovWK1uAzdIF0PQ3KT927alh_6iMP_xUS/s1600/IMG_3081.JPG" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmurySGPn9_Qe6ZXxK5z6cDEWYge9GJdh0hbwZRfCVHSp0qPqOaaLM2VXTfpmGgDHmScgk5Ur1ziVF1s6FV-nxmV1btZVbgJSNvt5-PRmutupIovWK1uAzdIF0PQ3KT927alh_6iMP_xUS/s200/IMG_3081.JPG" width="200" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Recent warmongering over the MALVINAS - FALKLAND Islands between BRITAIN and ARGENTINA on the eve of the 30^th anniversary of the FALKLAND –MALVINAS war are not about the defense of the Islanders and the rest of confrontational rhetoric’s BRITAIN uses to justify its recent actions. They are  about latest oil discoveries, fishing industry interests and to ensure a military stronghold on the SOUTHERN CONE in order to have quick access to the ANTARCTICA the minute the ANTARCTIC TREATY becomes void and a run for natural resource exploitation and extraction will result in quarrels’ between countries claiming territory on the continent. This will most likely lead to armed confrontations and thus BRITAIN, with its MALVINAS – FALKLAND base will have a military advantage to forcefully protect its national interests. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></b></span><br /><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ARE ANTARCTICA NATURAL RESOURCES WORTH THE QUARREL?</span></b></span></div><div style="color: red;"></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; text-align: left;"><b><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">SON</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">LOS RECURSOS</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> </span></span><span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">NATURALES</span></span><span class="shorttext"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> ANTARTICOS LO SUFICIENTEMENTE VALIOSOS PARA LA GUERRA?</span></span></span></b><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Antártida contiene</span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">el <b>75%</b></span><b> <span class="hps">del agua dulce del</span> <span class="hps">mundo</span></b>. <span class="hps">Se encuentra</span> <span class="hps">libre de contaminación</span>. <span class="hps">También cuenta con</span> <span class="hps">gran cantidad de</span><span class="hps">recursos naturales como </span>la flora <span class="hps">y la fauna</span>, <b>minerales, petróleo, carbón, etc.</b></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><b>Se cree que el continente antártico tiene grandes depósitos de minerales, combustibles (aproximadamente 45.000 millones de barriles y ~ 115 billones de pies cúbicos de gas) y carbón (~ 11% del total mundial).</b> Esto se puede comprobar mediante el uso de la técnica moderna y sofisticada para la evaluación de los recursos. </span></span><br /><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">A partir de ahora, la minería está prohibida en la Antártida. Los países miembros del Tratado Antártico (1959) han firmado el tratado para la no explotación de los recursos antárticos, y ayuda a mantener el continente libre de conflictos.</span><span lang="ES-AR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span style="color: black; font-size: medium;"><span class="hps"><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Sin embargo,</span></span><span lang="ES" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"> <span class="hps">debido a la creciente</span> <span class="hps">población humana y</span> <span class="hps">la necesidad de recursos</span> <span class="hps">en el futuro</span>, es obvio <span class="hps">que para el año</span> <span class="hps">2040,</span> <span class="hps">la Antártida se</span> <span class="hps">convierte en el objetivo</span><span class="hps">final para la</span> <span class="hps">explotación</span> <span class="hps">de recursos</span> <span class="hps">diversos</span>.</span></span><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"></div></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ANTARCTICA holds <b>75% of the world’s fresh water</b>. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">(See <a href="http://www.blogger.com/goog_1639185052">http://news-these-days.blogspot.com/2011/06/water-golden-commodity-of-future.html</a><a href="http://news-these-days.blogspot.com/2011/06/water-golden-commodity-of-future.html%29">)</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">It is free from pollution. It also has enormous amount of natural resources such as fresh water, flora and fauna, minerals, oil, coal etc. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">It is believed that ANTARCTIC continent have large deposits of <b style="color: red;">minerals, oils (~45,000 million barrels and ~115 trillion cubic feet of gas) and coal (~11% of the world’s total).</b> This can be ascertained by using sophisticated modern technique for resource assessment. As of now, mining is banned in ANTARCTICA. The member nations of ANTARCTIC TREATY (1959) have signed the treaty for non-exploitation of ANTARCTIC resources and helps in keeping the continent <b>free of conflicts</b>. </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="color: blue;">However, due to increasing human population and the need for resources in future, it is obvious that by the</span> <span style="color: blue;">year 2040,</span> <b><span style="color: red;">ANTARCTICA will become the final target for various resources exploitations</span></b>.</span></span><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: black; line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">BACKGROUND:</span></b><br /><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">ARGENTINA’S foreign minister has accused the UK of deploying nuclear weapons near the disputed MALVINAS - FALKLAND Islands, militarizing the South Atlantic. Hector Timerman voiced the accusations as he lodged a formal protest with the UN. He said ARGENTINA had intelligence that BRITAIN had deployed a Vanguard class submarine in the area.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">“Thus far the UK refuses to say whether it is true or not,”</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;"> he told a journalists in New York. <i>“Are there nuclear weapons or are there not? The information ARGENTINA has is that there are these nuclear weapons.”</i></span><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFw3zOs-mdBSUvNQ3Dna6E-r8Ilb4aGSYBK95jnWplWrZZU-eRB6TaIgsVjXJz0nDyCjTMYO6r41Jxtjg_xCzls8MpXsRF98MAPVXkG53ChbzjAWZGFpt7MPRG6kQd9nbcMRRzSMTMiSrf/s1600/5326CEEF97B1684660524BAD44352D.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiFw3zOs-mdBSUvNQ3Dna6E-r8Ilb4aGSYBK95jnWplWrZZU-eRB6TaIgsVjXJz0nDyCjTMYO6r41Jxtjg_xCzls8MpXsRF98MAPVXkG53ChbzjAWZGFpt7MPRG6kQd9nbcMRRzSMTMiSrf/s320/5326CEEF97B1684660524BAD44352D.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">Britain’s ambassador to the UN would not officially comment on disposition of BRITISH submarines, but called ARGENTINEAN allegations of UK’s militarization <i>“manifestly absurd.”</i> UN Secretary General, Ban Ki-moon said in a statement that he was concerned with the escalating row between ARGENTINA and BRITAIN over the MALVINAS - FALKLAND Islands. Earlier the BRITISH media reported that UK had deployed a Trafalgar-class nuclear-powered submarine armed only with conventional weapons to the region.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The tension between the two countries has surged in the run-up to the 30th anniversary of the MALVINAS - FALKLANDS War. Back in April 1982, ARGENTINA tried to take control of the islands, and claims as its rightful territory. BRITAIN repelled the attack with military force. More than 900 people were killed in the hostilities.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: left;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">The current row has been brewing since at least 2010, when BRITISH companies started drilling for oil in the region. Argentina has put diplomatic and commercial pressure on the islands’ administration. Buenos Aires recently convinced LATIN AMERICAN countries no ban ships bearing the MALVINAS -FALKLAND Islands flag from their ports, troubling their supply logistics.</span><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Falkland_Islands</span></a></div></div><div class="style7" style="color: red;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikP5wg_7mQj2eWxZugKWnDK5s9_lb4eT1J1w75WL1LCphctsVSiLH7ViRY8C3Bp4oYyFtLWzjUenUYkQhUtC5U3iXl0ZYMoPEtyOSwZbhFOadU3ik03L09T6b1JNwCD_Fg53Gp-SrEeE9h/s1600/cl_20071218_antarctica07_mcmurdo_004_65147.jpg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikP5wg_7mQj2eWxZugKWnDK5s9_lb4eT1J1w75WL1LCphctsVSiLH7ViRY8C3Bp4oYyFtLWzjUenUYkQhUtC5U3iXl0ZYMoPEtyOSwZbhFOadU3ik03L09T6b1JNwCD_Fg53Gp-SrEeE9h/s320/cl_20071218_antarctica07_mcmurdo_004_65147.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="style7" style="color: red;"></div><div class="style7" style="color: red;"></div><div class="style7" style="color: red; text-align: center;"><br /><span style="font-size: medium;"><b>TESTS OF THE ANTARCTIC TREATY </b></span><br /></div><div class="style7"></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;">The ANTARCTIC TREATY set the base line for peace and security. But the treaty was necessary for a reason. Furthermore, the Treaty has undergone revision in order to maintain peace in an ever-evolving international environment. </div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;">The initial reason for an Antarctic Treaty was the overlapping claims of seven nations, BRITAIN, FRANCE, DENMARK, AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, CHILE and ARGENTINA to ANTARCTICA. War was inevitable when three countries claimed the same slice of the continent. The unknown value of the territory made the grab for territory even more contentious. </div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;"><br /><span class="style8"><span style="color: red;"></span></span><span style="color: red;"></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;">The ANTARCTIC TREATY rectified this situation by refuting all territorial claims to ANTARCTICA. However, this possibility still remains. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The seven nations, although all original signatories of the Treaty, still nominally claim their sovereign territories</b>. Furthermore, the UNITED STATES and RUSSIA, should the treaty structure fail, <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">reserve the right to acquire territory</b>. Hence, the infrastructure that supports the Treaty, and the additions and allow it to remain flexible become even more important. </div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;">The next test for ANTARCTIC came in 1988, when an addition to the Treaty was proposed to regulate mining in ANTARCTICA. It was believed that oil reserves, as well as natural gas may be trapped underneath the eternal tundra and ice that covers the continent. Plans were made to enforce "safe" mining techniques, and study the environmental impacts mining had on the rare ecosystem.<br /></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;">International outrage over the proposal was so strong, that many governments began to change their minds over the initiative. FRANCE and AUSTRALIA began to echo calls from other nations to make ANTARCTIC a global park. Nations in the UN argued that the environmental problems that ANTARCTIC would face would eventually face the world. When the initiative came to a vote, it was defeated. Instead, the consultative nations of the ANTARCTIC TREATY decided on the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the ANTARCTIC TREATY, commonly known as the MADRID PROTOCOL, in 1990. The Protocol first and foremost establishes ANTARCTICA as a natural reserve. Furthermore, it prohibits mining, and establishes a system for getting new scientific research approved by the Secretariat for international approval.<br /></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;"></div><div class="style3" style="text-align: justify;">One perpetual problem the Treaty faces is exclusivity. The Treaty precludes from consultative status (or voting status) any nations that do not have an on-going scientific program in ANTARCTICA. Repeated calls in the General Assembly have yet to lead to an opening up of the treaty. Despite the allowance of the UNEP to observe, poorer nations are being secluded from decision making on ANTARCTIC based on their poverty. ANTARCTIC cannot become a "global park" unless the entire globe is allowed to participate. In short, since what happens in ANTARCTICA does not stay in ANTARCTICA, these nations feel it is imperative that they should be allowed a say in the decisions that ultimately affect everyone. It is this dispute that puts the most pressure on the framework of Antarctica, and prevents other areas from being designated as an international territory. </div></div>

ARGENTINA AND THE UNITED KINGDOM

Britain and Argentina should have joint sovereignty over Malvinas (Falklands) IT’S ABOUT  ANTARCTICA BRITISH INCREASED PRESENCE ON THE MALVI...

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