News for today's 2018: 07/30/12

Strength and Disappointment

9:13 PM Tukiyooo 0

<br /><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">The Main Blurb</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">If anyone assumes that men’s gymnastics is exactly like women’s gymnastics, they can’t be more further from the truth. Although both sports require power, strength, and finesse, both emphasize different aspects. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">The women’s area requires much more finesse. Ladies are usually very small (which is usually why most gymnasts are under the age of 20), and their tumbling and leaping skills are important for all four of their events. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Men, on the other hand, is all about power. There are six apparatus for the men, and most of them are about the upper body strength. Still rings, pommel horse, and parallel bars all demand holding up your body by your hands. You’ll rarely find a men’s gymnast with a small frame. Normally they are all upper body. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I actually enjoy watching men’s gymnastics more than women’s – but not just because I’m a woman. I can’t get over the raw strength and power that these men show!<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Could you do a handstand as you’re suspended eight feet in the air and you’re just holding two rings? </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Unfortunately, today my admiration for men’s gymnastics was tarnished by two different things: 1) The American men stunk up the joint, and 2) The streaming on my computer kept crashing when it started to air an ad. Which was a lot – because it’s NBC and all they think about is ad money. I was shocked to see how dismal their routines looked – they were hitting the pommel horse, they were stepping off to the sides (or sitting!) in their vaults, and their finesse routines didn’t have enough difficulty to get them back in it. They finished fifth. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I was saddened to hear about the appeal of the Japanese to reconsider the starting difficulty and have it be accepted. But I wasn’t sad for Great Britain – shape up Brits: they were still on the medal stand! I was sad for the Ukranian team! No one had talked about their potential for a medal, and they went out there and did everything they could. They had the bronze in their grasp, and it was taken away when the Japanese were placed second. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">And what did I tell you on Saturday about the Chinese?! I’m just going to get a banner or something and hang it outside my window that says “I WAS RIGHT!” They rebounded from that atrocious performance on Saturday to win the gold. I knew that was going to happen. I didn’t want it to happen, but I knew it would. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Enough about gymnastics – it’s making me depressed.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">Mini Blurbs</b></div><div class="MsoNormal">Matt Grevers and Missy Franklin got my memo from yesterday – both of them won golds in the 100-m backstroke. Bonus win: Nick Thoman won silver! Rebecca Soni couldn’t outtouch Ruta Meilutyte, so she had to settle for silver in her case. And Ryan Lochte? You better shape up or think of better excuses for your less than stellar performances the past two days. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I would have really enjoyed the mass scoring that took place in the women’s water polo match against Hungary, except for that ear-piercing whistle that kept blowing every ten seconds. That just hurt too much. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Women’s volleyball was fun to watch, though – they beat Brazil three games to one. I would much rather watch indoor volleyball than beach volleyball – for more reasons than the obvious. </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">I always thought the national teams were all supposed to have the same or incredibly similar uniforms. Rebecca Soni has been wearing a gray swimsuit while some men have worn all black and sometimes have a flag on the sides. And what’s with the gray podium warmups? Is it to distinguish ourselves from the British? And why wasn’t Kim Rhode (skeet shooter) wearing the gray warmup when she accepted her gold medal? Let’s act unified here, Team USA. Right now I’m not feeling it.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Something fun to watch has been rowing – not to watch the rowers, but to watch the bikers that are riding at the same speed as the rowers! How do they keep the pace and not run into anything? I’d love to be one of those bikers.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Got to watch a little kayak action today, which is pretty much the Summer’s answer to Winter’s slalom skiing. As I watched it, I wondered, “This is what is preempting live coverage of gymnastics?” </div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Speaking of preempting/delay/primetime coverage, I read an excellent article about why NBC is living in ancient times when it comes to airing Olympic events. In summary, we Americans expect to hear news immediately – whether it is by the Internet, phone, or television. Sports is news. So when we are forced to find alternative means to get our sports news immediately, or are forced to wait till the sun is going down, we aren’t happy. Unfortunately, most of us can’t scramble addresses online to get coverage from other countries’ feeds, so we have to wait till primetime. And because of that, NBC’s numbers have been huge the past couple of days. So no matter how much people complain, NBC is proving through ratings that keeping their marquee events till primetime (and prime ad dollars) is working. Will they show a bit of humanity in 2014? There’s about a 10-12 hour difference between us and Sochi, so probably not. Rio is a definite possibility.</div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal">Today’s roundup: gymnastics, kayak, rowing, women’s volleyball, beach volleyball, women’s water polo, swimming of all kinds, and diving. </div>

Strength and Disappointment

The Main Blurb If anyone assumes that men’s gymnastics is exactly like women’s gymnastics, they can’t be more further from the truth. Altho...

Monday, Monday

7:00 PM Tukiyooo 0

<span style="font-weight: bold;"><a href="http://www.archidose.org/wp/">A Weekly Dose of Architecture</a> Updates:</span><br /><br />This week's dose features <a href="http://archidose.org/wp/2012/07/30/butaro-hospital/">Butaro Hospital</a> in Butaro, Rwanda by MASS Design Group:<br /><a href="http://archidose.org/wp/2012/07/30/butaro-hospital/"><img alt="this       week's  dose" src="http://www.archidose.org/Jul12/30/image01.jpg" style="cursor: move;" title="This week's dose" width="640" /></a><br /><br />The featured past dose is the <a href="http://www.archidose.org/Dec09/14/dose.html">Wadi El Gemal Visitor Center</a> in Marsa Alam, Egypt by MADA Architects:<br /><a href="http://www.archidose.org/Dec09/14/dose.html"><img alt="this       week's  dose" src="http://www.archidose.org/Dec09/14/image02.jpg" style="cursor: move;" title="featured past dose" width="640" /></a><br /><br />This week's book review is <a href="http://archidose.org/wp/2012/07/30/empowering-architecture/"><i>Empowering Architecture: The Butaro Hospital, Rwanda</i></a> by MASS Design Group, Photos by Iwan Baan (L):<br /><a href="http://archidose.org/wp/2012/07/30/empowering-architecture/"><img alt="this week's book review" height="300" src="http://archidose.org/wp/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/butaro.jpg" style="cursor: move;" title="This week's book review" /></a>   <a href="http://www.archidose.org/books/mudas.html"><img alt="this week's book review" height="300" src="http://www.archidose.org/books/mudas.jpg" style="cursor: move;" title="This week's book review" /></a><br />(R): The featured past book review is <a href="http://www.archidose.org/books/mudas.html"><i>Centro das Artes | Casa das Mudas</i></a> by <span style="color: black;">Paulo David                        and Fernando Guerra</span>.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">World-Architects.com U.S. <a href="http://www.american-architects.com/projects/reviews/41">Building of the Week</a>:</span><br /><br /><a href="http://www.american-architects.com/en/projects/project-review-detail/37149_paul_s_russell_md_museum_of_medical_history_and_innovation">Paul S. Russell, MD Museum of Medical History and Innovation</a> in Boston, MA by  Leers Weinzapfel Associates Architects:<br /><a href="http://www.american-architects.com/en/projects/project-review-detail/37149_paul_s_russell_md_museum_of_medical_history_and_innovation"><img alt="this week's Building of the Week" src="http://files3.world-architects.com/projects/37149/images/900:w/2012AG11401.jpg" style="cursor: move;" title="Current Building of the Week on american-architects.com" width="640" /></a>

Monday, Monday

A Weekly Dose of Architecture Updates: This week's dose features Butaro Hospital in Butaro, Rwanda by MASS Design Group: The featured ...

Give students legacy and meaning: Build Intrapersonal Communications into your curriculum

2:27 PM Tukiyooo 0

As we discuss on page 54 of Flattening Classrooms, Engaging Minds, one of the 5 ways students need to connect in the flattened classroom is over time.<br /><br />We have so many opportunities for students to create time capsules to communicate with themselves. Ideas like <a target="_blank" href="http://www.sharemylesson.com/teaching-resource/Kindergarten-Time-Capsule-6119403/">this plan on Share my Lesson for a time capsule</a> on the first day of school resonate. <br /><br />Students can write letters to themselves in the future using sites like <a target="_blank" href="http://m.futureme.org/">Future.me</a> which will  is a reason that begs for students to have a lifelong email. If you use this site, use the Facebook email address for students (if Facebook doesn't change the address again) to let them write to themselves.<br /><br />Other ways to help students connect with themselves in the future is to do like I did as a child. I wrote a list of things I'd really like to do with my life when I was 12 and have now done all of them including publishing a book. ("I want to write things that help people" was the goal.") I also wanted to own my own business and have three of them now. ;-) <br /><br />Some say that if a child doesn't reach their goals that this could set up for disappointment, but I disagree. Lifelong meaning and connection to yourself is part of intrapersonal relations - your relationship with yourself. The one thing a child will always have in his or her life is himself or herself. We can't forget intrapersonal skills and intrapersonal communications is more than just journaling now. I think that annuals should have a DVD sleeve in the front where students archive their learning and even record messages to themselves in the future. <br /><br />Such things can add more meaning and interest to life beyond the once in a lifetime time capsule. Think about how you can help students connect with themselves this year. What do you do?<br /><br />- Posted using BlogPress from my iPad<br />

Give students legacy and meaning: Build Intrapersonal Communications into your curriculum

As we discuss on page 54 of Flattening Classrooms, Engaging Minds, one of the 5 ways students need to connect in the flattened classroom is ...

Library Director - Morris Public Library

8:20 AM Anonymous 0

Library Director - Morris Public Library

Library Director - Morris Public Library , Morris, CT. The Morris Public Library is seeking a full time director who possesses excellent l...

WAHHABISM IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

7:34 AM Tukiyooo 0

<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY9x3BwVq1U1h2nyAXrLmC6oIlZCu_020IKJ-80pBi_z9i9IfbABzZpMDoudPYWnx-KdZp6WCD9Xcmee0Aq1q1tWgW-SXIL0EjsP9zaRI-8MN3_JwccOWn8sPMjOLcRZ7aSuXxrkNoUZa7/s1600/bosniak-shooter-470x306.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY9x3BwVq1U1h2nyAXrLmC6oIlZCu_020IKJ-80pBi_z9i9IfbABzZpMDoudPYWnx-KdZp6WCD9Xcmee0Aq1q1tWgW-SXIL0EjsP9zaRI-8MN3_JwccOWn8sPMjOLcRZ7aSuXxrkNoUZa7/s400/bosniak-shooter-470x306.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Sarajevo US Embassy shooter identified as Wahhabi Islamist, 28 Oct 2011</span></h3></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="color: red; font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">WAHHABISM AT THE DOORSTEPS OF EUROPE </span></b></span><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Part One</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Wahhabism in BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA (BIH) is an alien, small, but according to some sources growing tendency within BIH. It is relatively successful in recruiting young ‘converts’ from within the BIH moderate Muslim tradition circles. Wahhabism identifies mainstream BOSNIAN Muslims as false Muslims and even as enemies. It has some potential to result in growing, and even violent confrontation with moderate Muslims and non-Muslims alike. This could have serious ramifications for BIH in its efforts to maintain a pluralistic society, as well as complicate the International War on terrorism, by providing an ever safer environment for transient terrorists. If the Wahhabi reportedly growth tendency is not effectively stopped and reversed by the indigenous Muslim structures, the challenge of Wahhabism in BIH will have serious implications for the rest of EUROPE.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">For most INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY (IC) personnel, dealing with any kind of Islamic issue is something they still are trying to get used to. Part of the local media, often biased by nationalistic or/and political interests, have tried to present the problem of Wahhabism in BIH as a growing tendency that is a threat to safety and security not only in the country but also in the rest of EUROPE. These media have used a discourse very similar to that used at the beginning of the 90’s, changing the term ‘Islamic fundamentalism’ by ‘Wahhabism’. On the other hand, media close to the BOSNIAK establishment have tried to ‘hide’ any evidence of the Wahhabi presence in BIH, or at least to play down the importance of the phenomenon.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Most of the information gathered until now is based on the regurgitation of media or biased spread of rumours without further confirmation, as well as personal experiences and witness accounts. A serious analysis must try to define who is a real follower of Wahhabism, in order to avoid misinterpretations. Only then can proper proposals be developed for stopping the ‘reported’ growing tendency, and reversing it.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This is an analysis of Wahhabism in BIH, intended to represent original thinking about the real picture of the Islamic community in the country and not a ‘regurgitation of open-source wisdom’.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">FOREIGN MUSLIM COUNTRY SUPPORT THROUGH NGOS </span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA5SKFaNMJ3XFtOQUVkK0eyYwsf3sakJ7oMBZbU3sNTH3tjzS5-2wQ9b51S1ufBJBEF5lJWUKluDHDpBphLbA3F7j14O7hWQzLMgmeDtd87J9unZpvFN09b85z6zcB1dUQWwb1YBwPNKxr/s1600/day-8-bic-bosnian-islamic-centre-evening-sunlight-through-crescent-metalwork-fence-post.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="203" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhA5SKFaNMJ3XFtOQUVkK0eyYwsf3sakJ7oMBZbU3sNTH3tjzS5-2wQ9b51S1ufBJBEF5lJWUKluDHDpBphLbA3F7j14O7hWQzLMgmeDtd87J9unZpvFN09b85z6zcB1dUQWwb1YBwPNKxr/s320/day-8-bic-bosnian-islamic-centre-evening-sunlight-through-crescent-metalwork-fence-post.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Islamic Community Center in Sarajevo </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">During and just after the war in Bosnia-Herzegovina (BIH) the relationship between the BOSNIAK part of the new state of BIH and the Muslim world were elevated to an unprecedented level. The financial support coming from foreign Muslim countries undermined the power of the well-organized and structured BOSNIAN Islamic community. The Islamic revival that began in YUGOSLAVIA in the 70’s decade, which was developed in the framework of the local Muslim institutions and tradition, turned during and after the war to a more politicized revitalization influenced by foreign elements as the Arab fighters and Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) from the MIDDLE EAST.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Official Islamic community has been taking control of Islam in BIH since the end of the 1992-95 war. However, the Islamic Community has recognized the presence of religious organizations outside its control, and that one of these organizations is an obstacle for the legitimate activities of the wider Islamic Community.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Besides efforts on behalf of the Islamic Community to counter Wahhabi influence, ordinary believers are very often staunch opponents of Wahhabism and that might be the really insurmountable obstacle in front of Wahhabism in BIH. Since the end of the war the largely secular and European attitude among the BOSNIAKS has caused friction with foreign Islamic extremists. Different reports on incidents involving moderate and radical Muslims have shown that Wahhabi communities are willing to use coercive methods to spread their radical ideas. Traditional Muslims have also demonstrated that they can use radical methods to counter the spread of the Wahhabi movement in BIH.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Assessments show that, despite their efforts, the Wahhabi movement does not have many supporters in BIH. The general population is afraid of their fundamentalist approach towards religion. BIH Muslims want to maintain the local traditional and moderate version of Islam. This could change however the minute the already fragile economic situation in BIH changes for the worst and the young generation of BIH has nowhere to turn to. Recruitment techniques by radical Islamic elements are cleverly orchestrated through a complex network system that allows luring moderate young Muslims into becoming part of their organizations by offering scholarships, money and work.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ELEMENTS OF THE LOCAL MEDIA PORTRAY THE PROBLEM OF WAHHABISM IN BIH AS A GROWING THREAT AGAINST THE SAFETY AND SECURITY WITHIN BIH AND PERHAPS WITHIN THE REST OF EUROPE.</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">While the predominance of traditional ‘BOSNIAK’ Islam is widespread, the Wahhabi movement has established itself in some areas of BIH. Some radical groups have been determined in their efforts to publicly confront the role of the BIH official Islamic Community and its control over Islamic religion in BIH, using their radical Wahhabi interpretation of the Koran. Their actions have drawn the attention of both local and international media and security services.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">An element of the local media, that often shows nationalist or political bias, has tried to show the problem of Wahhabism in BIH as a growing threat against the safety and security within BIH and perhaps within the rest of EUROPE. This media element has used a theme that is similar to that used at the beginning of the 1990’s, in changing the term ‘Islamic fundamentalism’ to ‘Wahhabism’. To counter this, media close to the BOSNIAK establishment, have tried to ‘hide’ any evidence of the Wahhabi presence in BIH or, at least, to downplay the significant of their influence.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">ISLAM IN BIH: SHORT HISTORICAL REVIEW</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE OTTOMAN PERIOD</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Islam in BIH was introduced by the <b>Ottoman Empire</b>. From 1463 to 1878 this empire ruled the area. So, the history of Islam in BOSNIA is intimately connected to the history of Islam in the <b>Ottoman Empire</b>. The State within the <b>Ottoman Empire</b>, like other Muslim empires before, was organized according to the principle of organic unity of religious and political authority. They did however introduce an unprecedented hierarchy of Muslims scholars or Ulama. Muftis, Mudarris and Imams, together with judges, Qadis, and Friday prayer preachers, or Khatibs, were under state jurisdiction and they were very often state officials. Because this rigid organisation, there was little autonomy in interpretation and practice of Islam in BOSNIA.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Ottoman</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">troops also brought the <b>Sunni Islam</b>and the official legal school to the <b>Ottoman Empire</b>: the Hanafi School of Jurisprudence. The Hanafi is one of the four Sunni legal schools. It is the largest one and it is followed by approximately 30 percent of Muslims worldwide. This school is predominant in TURKEY, northern EGYPT, LEVANT, and amongst the Muslim communities of the BALKANS, CENTRAL and SOUTH ASIA, CHINA, RUSSIA and UKRAINE. Hanafi School has been considered by many authors as the most open-minded School. Early Hanafism was associated with the partisans of Ra’y (translation: Opinion). Other schools, however, especially Hanbalism, that wanted to base everything on formal reports about the prophetic Sunna, grew out of the party of Hadith. This has been cast as ‘rationalism vs. traditionalism’. According to the Hanafi School, the Iytihad, or individual reasoning, is often a used source of the Sharia, or Islamic Law, together with customs or 'Urf, hence a degree of flexibility in interpretation.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE HABSBURG PERIOD</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In July 1878 the Congress of EUROPEAN powers held in Berlin, gave Habsburg monarchy the right to occupy and administer BOSNIA. The BOSNIAk resisted the occupying <b>Habsburg</b> forces but their three-month resistance was eventually crushed in October 1878.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The relations between religion and state in the <b>Habsburg monarchy</b> were based upon the concept of ‘recognized religious communities’ which was adopted in 1874. According to this concept, the state guarantees freedom of conscience, belief and private manifestations of religious beliefs and practice.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The Habsburg</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">government introduced this concept in BOSNIA. Six religious communities were given the status of ‘recognized religions’: Islamic, Serbian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Greek Catholic, Evangelic and Judaic. The status of Islam dramatically changed. Instead of being the basic principle of social cohesion as it was in the <b>Ottoman</b> times, it now became one of several ‘recognized religions’ within a non-Muslim state. The BOSNIAKS became a religious minority instead of being a part of the ruling elite.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This change brought about a new challenge to the BOSNIAKS: to build up a system of the administration of Islamic affairs that would not be identical with the organization of the state. Christians and Jews in BOSNIA were in comparative advantage. Under the <b>Ottomans</b> they already had a separate communal organization, which enabled them to easily adapt to the <b>Habsburg</b> regime. Relying upon <b>Ottoman</b> heritage and responding to new challenges during the first two decades of <b>Habsburg</b>rule, the BOSNIAKS built a new administration of Islamic affairs. This system included religious hierarchy or 'ilmyya, religious education or maarif, endowments or waqf and sharia courts for religious issues.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The system was gradually built through the struggle over the prerogatives for the appointment of key officials, allocation of funding and the running of institutions. The struggle ended on 15 April 1909 when the <b>Habsburg</b>monarch approved the Statute for autonomous administration of Islamic endowments and educational affairs.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The basic features of the administration of Islamic affairs envisaged in the Statute of 1909 were the creation of a council of ulama headed by the Rais Ul Ulama and the introduction of autonomy and elections into the administration of endowments and religious schools.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE KINGDOM OF YUGOSLAVIA</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">In 1918 the <b>Habsburg</b> monarchy disintegrated and BOSNIA was incorporated in a new South Slav state, initially called the KINGDOM OF SERBS, CROATS AND SLOVENES and later renamed as the Kingdom of YUGOSLAVIA. The administration of Islamic affairs in BOSNIA, as developed in the <b>Habsburg</b> times, continued to function. The Muslims in other parts of YUGOSLAVIA had a separate religious administration.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">This state of affairs lasted until 1930, when the new regime of the <b>Yugoslav King Aleksandar Karađorđević </b>decided to introduce a unified administration of religious affairs for all Muslims in the country and virtually took over the control of that administration, according to his ideology of ‘Yugoslav Unitarism’, which viewed different South Slav ethnic groups as one nation and attended to eliminate any organization alongside ethnic criteria.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The state control over the <b>Yugoslav Islamic Community</b> was, to some extent, relaxed in 1936, when a BOSNIAK-based political party, the YUGOSLAV Muslim Organization, joined a coalition government in Belgrade. The relaxation of state control over the community did not mean the return of autonomy from 1909. Rather, a new type of influence was introduced, that of a Muslim political party.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">According to the 1936 Yugoslav Islamic Community Constitution, the seat of Rais Ul Ulema, which had been moved during the previous period to Belgrade, returned to Sarajevo.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red; line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">THE SECOND WORLD WAR AND THE TITO PERIOD</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The World War Two broke out in 1939 and the Nazis and their collaborationists occupied BOSNIA, together with other parts of YUGOSLAVIA. The leadership of the Yugoslav Islamic Community stuck to the policy of keeping the existing administration of Islamic affairs intact until the war ended.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The end of the war in 1945 was accompanied by the change of state organization and political regime in the country. The Unitarian concept of YUGOSLAVIA was replaced by that of federation, kingdom by republic and parliamentarian democracy by socialist ‘people’s democracy’. These changes greatly affected the position of Islam, as well as other religions, and the organization of the Islamic community.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The socialist regime proclaimed ‘the separation of church from state’ and the principle that ‘religion is a private affair of the citizens’. These principles of secular state were interpreted in socialist practice as subjugation of religious communities to state as ‘allies of the capitalists’ and the persecution of those known to be believers.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">The change affected in the social, political and legal positions of religion in BOSNIA affected all segments of the administration of Islamic affairs. First, Sharia courts were abolished (5 March 1946) and the Islamic law lost its binding legal force for the Muslims.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Second, in 1952 the government closed all elementary religious maktabs and left only one secondary school, the ‘Gazi Husrevbeg’ Madrasa in Sarajevo, to prepare future imams and khatibs. Religious instruction to the ordinary believers could be given only during weekends in mosques and even that legal possibility was restricted by the policy of the local authorities.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Third, waqf property was largely expropriated and nationalized between 1945 and 1958. During the late 1960s, the socialist regime in YUGOSLAVIA became more liberal. Consequently, more space for activities was given to religious communities. At the same time, the Federal Constitution of YUGOSLAVIA of 1968 gave more power to federal units. These developments found their reflection in the Constitution of the Islamic Community of 5 November 1968.</span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span lang="ES-AR" style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">By Juan Carlos Antúnez</span></div>

WAHHABISM IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA

Sarajevo US Embassy shooter identified as Wahhabi Islamist, 28 Oct 2011 WAHHABISM AT THE DOORSTEPS OF EUROPE Part One Wahhabism in BOSNIA-...

treats in the mail

6:52 AM Anonymous 0

Were we supposed to have had a weekend? Because if we did, I missed it. I barely sit down and its Monday again. Oh joy. I've got errands and sanding to do today for I've made myself quite the ambitious schedule for the week. I find I'm my most nieve on Monday mornings, might as well set my sights high.<br /><br />I do though want to share the highlight of my weekend. Look at the pretty package I received on Saturday.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8sc63_GWCcFlUBLrIVsOX9n4SKEGRQXeaCcDcjk4MaH1zYOR8HZGlQ3g27NsVa4w_Jb4TyxUJOTyNkLgTSRHiWC6kazEPdftAHMD4Gahd05pyL9epRRfxJgjOrYt0lt6ORb06a8t1Y44-/s1600/birclose.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="570" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8sc63_GWCcFlUBLrIVsOX9n4SKEGRQXeaCcDcjk4MaH1zYOR8HZGlQ3g27NsVa4w_Jb4TyxUJOTyNkLgTSRHiWC6kazEPdftAHMD4Gahd05pyL9epRRfxJgjOrYt0lt6ORb06a8t1Y44-/s640/birclose.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div>It is the canvas I won on <a href="http://www.withlovefromkat.com/" target="_blank">Kat's fab blog</a> from the uber talented Liz at <a href="http://www.birdaria.com/" target="_blank">Birdaria</a>. It is even bigger and better than I expected, and my expectations were high! I will be pinning more this week for sure as it is never too early to start my Christmas list. (are you listening Luke?)<br /><br />So thank you again to Liz and to Kat for the wonderful gift. I've got big plans for it!<br /><br />To a successful Monday!

treats in the mail

Were we supposed to have had a weekend? Because if we did, I missed it. I barely sit down and its Monday again. Oh joy. I've got errands...

THE BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA DOSSIER

5:25 AM Tukiyooo 0

<br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZIs_dG1pFkU0Krqy7nv3MV4BgcfOOOUwWFkhO87hX0m3Ksd65ENsiM9KvNasOLeAWi06kPX1_hcRIO5gbbx9cQbiAWsE6-IILcBL3rrzE09ES5R4Kek8J653OOjxnr13QnvIaI4fHFHz7/s1600/bosnia-and_herzegovina_on_map_of_europe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZIs_dG1pFkU0Krqy7nv3MV4BgcfOOOUwWFkhO87hX0m3Ksd65ENsiM9KvNasOLeAWi06kPX1_hcRIO5gbbx9cQbiAWsE6-IILcBL3rrzE09ES5R4Kek8J653OOjxnr13QnvIaI4fHFHz7/s320/bosnia-and_herzegovina_on_map_of_europe.jpg" width="320" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Read interesting information about the country at the doorsteps of Europe and its multicultural and subsequent political problems</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">BOSNIA SUFFERS FROM UNRESOLVED ISSUES SIMILAR TO THOSE WHICH SPARKED YUGOSLAVIA’S COLLAPSE</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/bosnia-suffers-from-unresolved-issues.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/bosnia-suffers-from-unresolved-issues.html</span></span></a></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><br /></span></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdiMiBMNFv1u79n33P27tDHkZ6i1SYvydAolvmGXMdI4XCkSMsnJMXd_hjqa8D2fYFUcFCV-UmBicF4BopzeoHZZjRIGtK9HDUIXttw6980c1I5rEVcovt9kEv9n9P98LzEsYcKnvpCMXA/s1600/413I0J8ZsYL._SL500_AA300_.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhdiMiBMNFv1u79n33P27tDHkZ6i1SYvydAolvmGXMdI4XCkSMsnJMXd_hjqa8D2fYFUcFCV-UmBicF4BopzeoHZZjRIGtK9HDUIXttw6980c1I5rEVcovt9kEv9n9P98LzEsYcKnvpCMXA/s320/413I0J8ZsYL._SL500_AA300_.jpg" width="289" /></a></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">BOSNIAS ETHNIC RIFT - THE KEY HINDRANCE TO ECO POLITICAL ADVANCE</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><a href="http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/ethnic-rift-key-hindrance-to-bosnias.html">http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/ethnic-rift-key-hindrance-to-bosnias.html</a></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">BOSNIA 2012</span></b></span></div><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/bosnia-2012.html"><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2012/07/bosnia-2012.html</span></span></a><br /><span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span></span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="color: blue;"><br /></div><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>BOSNIA, EUROPEAN UNIONS STEPCHILD</b>  </span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /></div><span style="font-size: large;"><a href="http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2011/07/bosnia-european-unions-stepchild.html">http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2011/07/bosnia-european-unions-stepchild.html</a> </span><br /><br /><div style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: large;"><b>BOSNIA, CURSED BY EUROPEAN UNION</b></span></div><div style="color: red;"><br /></div><a href="http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2011/08/bosnia-cursed-by-european-union-eu.html"><span style="font-size: large;">http://news-these-days.blogspot.com.ar/2011/08/bosnia-cursed-by-european-union-eu.html</span></a><br /><div class="MsoNormal"><br /></div>