Michael Specter: The Growing Battle Over How to Treat Lyme Disease : The New Yorker

Kaleigh Ahern was twelve years old when a tick bit her. She noticed it "perched" on her shoulder when she was taking a shower one morning. "I thought it was your average, everyday bug," Ahern told me recently. But, when she tried to brush it off, the tick wouldn't budge. "The legs wiggled but it was embedded in my skin. I freaked out and started screaming." Kaleigh's mother, Holly Ahern, came running and removed it. "I took the kid and the tick to the doctor," she said. "I told him, Here is my kid, here is the tick, and there is the place where it was attached to her." That was in 2002. The Aherns live near Saratoga Springs, New York, where Lyme disease has been endemic for years. The infection is transmitted by tick bites, so Ahern assumed that the doctor would prescribe a prophylactic dose of antibiotics. But he said that he wasn't going to treat it. "If a rash develops or she starts to have flulike symptoms, bring her back," he told her. At the time, Ahern, an associate professor of microbiology at SUNY Adirondack, didn't know much about tick-borne illnesses. She took Kaleigh home and watched for the signature symptom of Lyme disease: a rash that begins with a bright-red bull's-eye around the tick bite.<br /><br><br /><br>No rash developed, and Kaleigh was fine—strong enough to become an all-American swimmer both in high school and at Union College. There were times during high school when she felt mentally hazy and not quite right physically, which she attributed to allergies or a teen-age bout of mononucleosis. But at the end of her freshman year in college she found herself crippled by anxiety, depression, and insomnia. She was beset by searing headaches, her muscles often felt as though they were on fire, and her brain seemed wrapped in a dense fog. Kaleigh tested positive for Lyme disease. Like most physicians, her doctor followed the standard medical practice, endorsed by public-health officials throughout the United States, and prescribed a three-week course of antibiotics. "I was so happy to know what was wrong with me," Kaleigh said. "For a while, I didn't mind the pain."<br /><br><br /><br>The drugs didn't work, though. At her mother's insistence, the doctor extended the prescription three more weeks, but Kaleigh only got sicker. This brought the Aherns to a clinical impasse. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has established highly specific criteria for the diagnosis of Lyme disease: an acknowledged tick bite, the appearance of a bull's-eye rash, and, for those who don't live in a region where Lyme is common, laboratory evidence of infection. Most people who fit the profile respond well to antibiotics, even months or years after the initial infection. Many Lyme specialists, however, believe that short-term antibiotic therapy may suppress symptoms but rarely cures the disease. Kaleigh switched doctors and began a course of antibiotics that lasted eight more months.<br /><br><br /><br>There was no change. Furthermore, there is no evidence that prolonged antibiotic therapy helps patients with Lyme disease, so insurance companies almost never pay for it. "I realized that my parents were shovelling thousands of dollars into these antibiotics," she said. "After the oral approach failed, I was recommended to go onto I.V. treatment, but I had had enough." Kaleigh's condition had become so grave that she withdrew from school. "I would have episodes where I would just lie on the ground writhing. And my parents could do nothing but watch. I wish they had taken videos and put them online, so people would know."<br /><br><br /><br>Kaleigh turned to alternative treatments often recommended by Lyme patients with similar experiences. She took herbs—turmeric and ginger, which are thought by some to strengthen the immune system—and she gave up gluten, grains, refined foods, and sugar. The goal was to reduce inflammation caused by her body's production of insulin and to inhibit the growth of the bacterium that causes Lyme. She also began treatments with a Rife machine, an electromagnetic device invented in the nineteen-twenties which emits radio signals that, some researchers suggest, can destroy harmful bacteria. Although thousands of people are convinced that Rife therapy has helped them with Lyme and other diseases, little empirical evidence exists to demonstrate that it works. Nonetheless, Kaleigh began to feel better. She still has headaches and severe muscular pain at times, but she returned to Union a year ago and graduated this spring. She knows that her approach to Lyme disease is controversial and acknowledges that the improvements might be due to her dietary regimen or to Rife treatments or to a placebo effect. She doesn't mind; after enduring such pain, she has found that fine points don't matter.<br /><br><br /><br>Lyme disease is the most commonly reported tick-borne illness in the United States, and the incidence is growing rapidly. In 2009, the C.D.C. reported thirty-eight thousand cases, three times more than in 1991. Most researchers agree that the true number of infections is five to ten times higher. Although some of that increase is due to heightened awareness, transmission is rising in areas, like New England, where the disease is well established, and is spreading to regions as far south as Florida, through changes in climate and the movements of infected animals.<br /><br><br /><br>The disease is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. In the Northeast and the Midwest, B. burgdorferi is transmitted by the bite of a black-legged tick, Ixodes scapularis. (In the Western United States, a related tick, Ixodes pacificus, prevails, and in Europe the main vector is Ixodes ricinus.) Lyme was all but unknown until 1977, when Allen Steere, a rheumatologist at Yale, produced the first definitive account of the infection. The condition was initially thought to have been an outbreak of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in and around Lyme, Connecticut. In 1982, Willy Burgdorfer, a medical entomologist at the National Institutes of Health's Rocky Mountain Laboratories, determined that the infection was caused by the previously unknown spirochete borrelia. As is common in scientific practice, the bacterium was named for him:Borrelia burgdorferi.<br /><br><br /><br>Those facts are undisputed. But nearly everything else about Lyme disease—the symptoms, the diagnosis, the prevalence, the behavior of the borrelia spirochete after it infects the body, and the correct approach to treatment—is contested bitterly and publicly. Even the definition of Lyme disease, and the terminology used to describe it, has fuelled years of acrimonious debate. The conventional medical assessment is straightforward: in most cases, the tick bite causes a skin rash, called erythema migrans, which is easily identified by its bull's-eye. If left untreated, the bacteria can spread to muscles, joints, the heart, and even the brain. Public-health officials say that a few weeks of antibiotic treatment will almost always wipe out the infection, and that relapses are rare. In this view, put forth in guidelines issued by the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Lyme is normally easy to treat and easy to cure.<br /><br><br /><br>For many people, though, the clinical situation is far more complicated. Some who have been infected with borrelia don't notice the rash. Others—up to a quarter of those with Lyme, including Kaleigh Ahern—never even get one. Most troubling, some patients who are treated continue to suffer from a variety of symptoms long after their therapy has ended. Nobody really knows why they fail to get better. Infectious-disease experts refer to the phenomenon, which can affect up to twenty per cent of patients, as Post-Treatment Lyme Disease Syndrome. Researchers have attempted to resolve the mystery in experiments with monkeys, mice, and dogs; human studies are also under way. As the number of infections grows, so does the number of people struggling to figure out what is wrong with them.<br /><br><br /><br>Many of these patients say that medical officials pay little attention to their persisting symptoms, and that Lyme disease is anything but easy to treat or to cure. They believe that the bacteria can hide in the body for years, potentially causing harm long after treatment ends. This condition, they say, is pernicious, difficult to diagnose, rarely cured, and widely ignored. Moreover, at least four pathogens, in addition to the Lyme bacterium, can be transmitted by the black-legged tick: Anaplasma phagocytophilium, which causes anaplasmosis; Babesia microti, which causes babesiosis; Borrelia miyamotoi, a recently discovered genetic relative of the Lyme spirochete; and Powassan virus. Some of these infections are more dangerous than Lyme, and more than one can infect a person at the same time. Simultaneous infection, scientists suggest, may well enhance the strength of the assault on the immune system, while making the disease itself harder to treat or recognize.<br /><br><br /><br>"I am not sure why we act as if we know the answers," Brian Fallon told me. Fallon, a psychiatrist who has studied the neurological impact of Lyme for years, is the director of the Lyme and Tick-Borne Diseases Research Center, at Columbia University. "The evidence that something more complex is going on is tantalizing and substantial."<br /><br><br /><br>Fallon is right, yet the medical issues have largely been eclipsed by the attention generated by another faction in the Lyme wars. These people—patients, advocates, politicians, and "Lyme literate" physicians, led by the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society—refer to the illness as "chronic Lyme," and argue that the traditional approach to diagnosis and treatment, put forth by most American physicians, all but guarantees failure. The Lyme Action Network, one of many political groups that have formed to increase awareness and raise funds, recently released a pamphlet called "It Might Be Lyme." The group lists dozens of possible symptoms, including headache, joint pain, neck stiffness, chest pain, bladder dysfunction, hypersensitive skin, unexplained fevers, weight loss, sweats, chills, fatigue, blurry vision, heart murmurs, sleep disturbances (including too little or too much), difficulty with concentration, lightheadedness, and mood swings. Physicians associated with the network argue that a cure requires not weeks but months or years of strong antibiotics, and that relapses are common.<br /><br><br /><br>"There are two standards of care when it comes to Lyme," Holly Ahern said. "One in which patients are diagnosed and treated until they get better, and the other where people are treated for three weeks with antibiotics—and, if you don't get better, then there must be something else wrong with you, or perhaps you are making it up." Ahern is a scientist, and hers is a measured critique. But emotion and despair are often the driving forces behind Lyme activism. The documentary "Under Our Skin: The Untold Story of Lyme Disease" essentially accused organized medicine of ignoring the illness. Scores of highly read blogs—Lyme Policy Wonk, Touched by Lyme, Living the Lyme Life—regularly overflow with fury.<br /><br><br /><br>Nobody disagrees that more research into the long-term effects of Lyme is needed. But most doctors reject the term "chronic Lyme," in part because many people who say they have it are not infected with borrelia. Without biological proof—a positive blood test or the telltale skin rash—the symptoms are vague and varied and could apply to many conditions. Infectious-disease experts say that the lingering symptoms might be an autoimmune response to the original illness or residual damage to tissues caused by the infection. "There is no doubt that people can have symptoms after being treated for Lyme disease," Roy Gulick told me when I visited him recently in his office at the Weill Cornell Medical College, where he is a professor of medicine and the chief of infectious diseases. "They can hang on for weeks or months. But you have to be specific about whether it's plausibly related to Lyme.<br /><br><br /><br>"I am sympathetic to people who are suffering," he continued. "And I have no doubt that they are. But if you have not been infected with borrelia you can't have Lyme disease. We don't have all the answers. We never do. These people are true believers. But I'm an infectious-disease doctor. I understand pathogens that cause disease and I understand the manifestations of those infections. Believing or not believing is not part of the process."<br /><br><br /><br>I grew up in Connecticut, attended college in the Hudson Valley, and graduated in 1977, the year Lyme was first identified. I don't recall hearing about the disease. I do remember going to a professor's house for dinner one night that year and having him urge me to arrive before dusk, so that we might look for deer. We drove around for an hour without luck, and I wondered whether to believe him when he said he had seen one just the day before.<br /><br><br /><br>Today, deer are no longer exotic in the Hudson Valley, and the area has the highest rate of Lyme disease in the country. If you drive the back roads of Columbia County at dusk, deer are nearly impossible to avoid, and accidents are common. Ticks are constantly on residents' minds, and watching children run barefoot to the edge of the bucolic woods is no longer a carefree delight. Deer are not Ixodes's most important host, but they have come to symbolize the spread of Lyme, and represent an ecology that has changed dramatically in the past thirty-five years. "Once you have Lyme disease in the area, and once you start to carve up the forest into little bits, and especially when the fragmentation is done by suburban development, you get an increase in Lyme risk," Richard Ostfeld told me recently when I met with him at the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, in Millbrook, New York. Ostfeld, a senior scientist there, has studied Ixodes for more than a decade. "The best host for the tick and pathogens is not deer but white-footed mice," he said. "And they do beautifully when you chop the forest into bits. They thrive. And competitors do not."<br /><br><br /><br>Ixodes scapularis is surprisingly sophisticated for an organism that, until it is engorged with blood, is less than half the size of a pea. "These ticks are nimble, durable, and adaptable," Ostfeld said. The black-legged tick passes through three distinct phases—larva, nymph, and adult—and females require a blood meal at each stage. They usually pick up the spirochete, which under the microscope looks like a spiral French fry, in their first meal, and pass the disease to the host—small mammals, birds, deer, and sometimes humans—during the second or the third. To insure that it becomes engorged, the tick can attach its barbed mouth to a host for up to a week. First, though, the tick releases a series of anti-inflammatory chemicals and antihistamines to numb the skin and make a bite difficult to notice. It then secretes a compound called cementum, a kind of glue that helps the tick adhere to its prey. With those tasks accomplished, the tick bores its mouthparts into its host. While it feeds, the tick can inject borrelia, and other pathogens, into the bloodstream.<br /><br><br /><br>Ostfeld is a thoughtful, soft-spoken man, not unduly excitable. But when he talks about the Lyme bacterium he sounds like a proud parent. "Borrelia is a remarkable creature," he told me. "It has all my respect." He went on to explain that the bacterium, after slipping through the tick's mouthparts, can change its form, cloaking itself in the surface proteins of the tick's saliva. Then, much like H.I.V., the bacterium hijacks the immune system. "It doesn't stay in the bloodstream for long," he said. "Instead, borrelia manages to insinuate itself into parts of the body that have fewer circulating antibodies, where it is harder for antibiotics to reach."<br /><br><br /><br>The relationship between the tick and borrelia can be compared to the deadly, symbiotic partnership of Plasmodium falciparum parasites and the anopheles mosquitoes that transmit malaria, which have evolved together for thousands of years. Genetically, the bacteria are so adaptable that it is possible to find different strains of borrelia in the same tick. "Some of these infections are really very worrying," Ostfeld said, as we sat, one sunny morning, in his green, airy office at the institute. "We can't even know yet how big a problem a bacterium like miyamotoi will become. But it is possible that Lyme will turn out to be among the least threatening of the pathogens carried by Ixodes."<br /><br><br /><br>Ostfeld, a field biologist, received his Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley, and studies the ecology of small mammals—skunks, possums, chipmunks, and white-footed mice—which are found in large numbers in the Hudson Valley. Soon after he arrived at the institute, in 1990, he noticed something striking about the thousands of mice he had trapped: their ears were often covered in ticks the size of poppy seeds. Those ticks, Ixodes nymphs and larvae, were feeding on the mice. "That was the beginning of my interest in Lyme disease," he said. His 2010 book, "Lyme Disease: The Ecology of a Complex System," describes the environmental relationship in detail. Before European colonists arrived in America, ninety per cent of New England and New York was covered in forest. Lyme was unknown. In the next century, forested areas were cut by half. "But it was a shitty life here," Ostfeld said. "Colonists had a rough go of it. The rocky soil was infertile and difficult for agriculture." In the eighteen-thirties, when the Erie Canal opened the Ohio Valley to agricultural development, the farms of the Northeast were abandoned. The forests returned, along with deer. Mice and other small mammals accompanied them.<br /><br><br /><br>Diagnostic failures cause much of the confusion associated with Lyme disease. It takes the tick at least thirty-six hours to transmit borrelia. If ticks are removed immediately, the threat of infection falls dramatically. But it takes weeks, and sometimes longer, for blood tests to detect antibodies; a test taken too soon will produce negative results. Even then, many people who become infected will test negative in error, while others who aren't infected will test positive.<br /><br><br /><br>"You get people all the time who have Lyme but who do not know it," Ostfeld said. "Their doctors don't know it." The basic blood tests look for antibodies but are not always sensitive enough to pick out the right ones. Another test for Lyme disease involves PCR, a technique that allows scientists to amplify the number of copies of a specific region of DNA. When done properly, that test can detect the Lyme spirochete directly. Yet it is prone to contamination, and it often produces positive results for people who are not infected. The situation is similar to one in India, where tens of millions of people test positive for tuberculosis. Few of them will actually get sick, but many are mistakenly treated with highly toxic drugs. A relatively new, but expensive, diagnostic machine can differentiate between latent and active t.b. infections. "We badly need that kind of diagnostic certainty with Lyme," Ostfeld told me. "And we do not have it."<br /><br><br /><br>Public-health officials stress that if doctors see a bull's-eye rash they should assume that the patient has Lyme and prescribe antibiotics. The advice is often ignored. Nor do many doctors or patients consider the potential impact of simultaneous infection with several pathogens. "This is not resolved science," Ostfeld said. "Clearly, not everyone claiming to have Lyme disease is sick, particularly those who have never tested positive for borrelia. But there are just too many questions we still have to answer about those who are infected: Does the bacterium persist after treatment? If so, is it capable of harm? What is the impact of co-infections, and what is really the best way to treat advanced stages of Lyme?<br /><br><br /><br>"The conventional view is that several studies have answered the most important questions about persistence and treatment," Ostfeld went on. "But look at heart disease. How many thousands of studies were conducted on the relationship between cholesterol and heart disease? Over how many decades? And we still go back and forth. When it comes to Lyme, we have a long way to go."<br /><br><br /><br>The controversy over Lyme disease is unlikely to diminish until scientists resolve at least two critical, but related, questions. Can the bacteria persist in the body, causing harm and illness months or even years after treatment has ended? And can prolonged antibiotic therapy destroy the remaining bacteria? Here, as with nearly every issue related to Lyme and its treatment, there is disagreement not only about the answers but also about the questions.<br /><br><br /><br>Determining whether Lyme spirochetes cause illness after treatment is difficult in part because the symptoms are so diverse. Moreover, it is nearly impossible, with current tests, to know whether the infection has been cured. Recent studies with mice and macaques provide interesting clues. In a study published last year in the online journal Plos One, a team of scientists led by Monica E. Embers, of the Tulane National Primate Research Center, and Stephen W. Barthold, the director of the Center of Comparative Medicine at the University of California at Davis, carried out two experiments on rhesus macaques to determine whether borrelia persists after antibiotic treatments.<br /><br><br /><br>First, twenty-four rhesus macaques were infected with the Lyme bacteria in the laboratory. After four to six months, half the macaques received aggressive antibiotic therapy, which, in theory, should have cured them, but the bacteria persisted in some of the animals. Then the scientists used a method called xenodiagnosis to determine if treatment worked in three other monkeys. They planted ticks that had been reared in the lab under sterile conditions on macaques that had received antibiotics, and let them feed for four days. When the ticks were removed and examined, the scientists found small numbers of intact, functioning spirochetes in two of them, which could have come only from the blood of the macaques. A team of scientists led by Adriana Marques, of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and Linden Hu, of Tufts University School of Medicine, is conducting a similar study in humans. (The scientists have obtained permission from patients to permit ticks to feed on them.)<br /><br><br /><br>Other research, by Brian Fallon, the Columbia psychiatrist, found metabolic abnormalities in the brains of patients with confirmed cases of Lyme disease and chronic, post-treatment symptoms, when compared with the brains of healthy control subjects. That, too, suggests the bacterium continues to have an impact. None of these studies provide conclusive evidence, but together they strongly suggest that the infection can survive treatment in a primate. This finding raises the possibility that the bacteria could continue to cause illness long after a patient is supposedly cured. Similar research in mice, published last year in the Journal of Clinical Investigation by a team from Yale Medical School, found that while antibiotics stopped the infection, spirochete antigens persisted in areas adjacent to cartilage—a condition that could produce swelling.<br /><br><br /><br>None of these studies have swayed Gary Wormser, the chief of the division of infectious diseases at New York Medical College, and the lead author of the often criticized Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines for Lyme. He says that, in the absence of new data, doctors should continue to treat Lyme with courses of oral antibiotics that generally take no more than thirty days.<br /><br><br /><br>"Right now, in the published literature, there is no evidence of persistence in humans, and if there were I would say, 'So what?' " he told me recently. "You would have to show me that the spirochetes continue to produce disease and you would have to show me that they would respond to antibiotics." Like most established scientists, Wormser maintains that one can rely only on the best current science-based evidence to practice medicine; otherwise, he may as well rely on voodoo. Furthermore, he stressed that it is dangerous to diagnose a disease based on symptoms alone. "There is a group of people with aches and pains and medically unexplained symptoms that are being treated for chronic Lyme." He said these patients often go "from doctor to doctor" without a satisfactory diagnosis. "They are suffering and unhappy, and finally they go to a doctor who says, 'I know what you have, it's chronic Lyme.' Then they get treated and treated and treated for chronic Lyme. And patients are happy because somebody has finally taken interest in them."<br /><br><br /><br>Wormser continued, "If you had Lyme and nobody disputes it and you don't feel back to normal, it's logical to ask, 'Does the antibiotic work?' Or maybe the organism is still there. Those questions have been explored, and we continue to explore them." Yet he added that the majority of people who are being treated as if they had post-Lyme symptoms have never had the disease. "Never had the test, the rash, swelling, not the slightest credible evidence of Lyme. If somebody walked into your office and said, 'I have renal failure, I need dialysis,' you would do a test. If it was negative, nobody in his right mind would give the patient dialysis."<br /><br><br /><br>Wormser's many critics regard his view of the disease as willfully limited. In response, he and others cite four double-blind, placebo-controlled trials funded by the N.I.H. over the past fifteen years. Each attempted to determine whether prolonged antibiotic treatment, given after the initial courses were completed, helps eliminate persistent symptoms of Lyme disease. The two largest studies reported no evidence of improvement; the results of the other two studies were equivocal. But none of the researchers concluded that the theoretical benefits outweighed the tangible risks of extended intravenous therapy, which included severe infections. In a separate case, a woman on intravenous antibiotics died after a blood clot.<br /><br><br /><br>Physicians who regularly see people with Lyme symptoms say that the conventional methods simply don't work. "I think a lot of these people who are set in their ways need to see more patients," Richard Horowitz told me when I called him at his office in Hyde Park, New York. Horowitz is one of the most prominent "Lyme literate" physicians: he is board certified in internal medicine and has practiced in the Hudson Valley for more than twenty-five years. Officials who endorse the Infectious Diseases Society of America's approach to Lyme disease consider Horowitz a pariah, but patients wait for months to see him, and several told me that he had essentially cured them of a disease that nobody else seemed able to treat.<br /><br><br /><br>Horowitz told me that he has seen more than twelve thousand patients, all of whom have a tick-borne ailment. Whenever possible, he avoids antibiotics. "Most of my patients do not present simply with Lyme," he told me. "They almost always have multiple co-infections. That means they have a suppressed immune system with complex symptomology. Thirty days of doxycycline"—the most common drug used to treat Lyme—"just isn't going to cure this. Each of these pathogens requires different regimens."<br /><br><br /><br>Horowitz offers a complex combination of dietary restrictions and supplements to help "detoxify" the body and starve the bacteria. He argues that organized medicine, by relying on a few double-blind trials, focusses only on borrelia and Lyme. "But we know the ticks can spread many pathogens. More than half of my patients present with babesiosis," he told me. (It causes symptoms similar to those of Lyme, though it more frequently begins with fevers and chills.) The incidence of babesiosis, which is caused by microscopic parasites that infect red blood cells, has been increasing dramatically in the Hudson Valley, according to research done by Wormser. "That infection has to be treated in an entirely different way from Lyme, and together they cause far more harm than either one does alone," Horowitz said. "I have never understood why that is a controversial assertion."<br /><br><br /><br>David Roth is not a scientist, but he believes that only science can end the Lyme wars. I met with him one gray, cloudy day on the forty-third floor of the Blackstone Investment Group building in Manhattan, where he is a managing director. Roth was dressed in pinstripes, a crisp white shirt, a yellow tie, and spit-shined brogues. He has an air of distinguished nonchalance, and his brown hair is tousled in the manner of a Kennedy. Three years ago, Roth became very sick, and while it has been difficult for him, and for his family, his illness may be the best thing that has happened for people infected with tick-borne ailments.<br /><br><br /><br>"I started working on this problem because I was shocked by the approach of the medical community," he told me. "I felt there was a real social injustice." Roth's story was similar to those of others I had heard. His illness began with flulike symptoms, enlarged lymph nodes, and insomnia. Doctors found no apparent cause. His symptoms worsened; full-body shakes, numbness in his feet and hands, pain in his tendons, and immense fatigue. "I went up and down this city seeing doctors," he said. "I had CAT scans and PET scans and M.R.I.s." Those tests also turned up nothing, but eventually—about four months after falling ill—he tested positive for both Lyme disease and babesiosis. He was treated with antibiotics as well as with malaria medication; they helped, but only for a while. "When I stopped, things got worse," he told me.<br /><br><br /><br>The more he looked into the treatment of Lyme, the angrier he became. "Here is what I don't understand," he said. "Somebody can get ill and not know what it is and the symptoms get worse and worse. Two years or more later, they can learn that they have Lyme. They take antibiotics for a month. And then, according to their doctors and insurance companies, they are done. Cured. Sometimes that is enough. But many people continue to be sick, and the government's position, in a world where there are ten times as many bacterial cells as human cells in our body, is that this particular bacteria has been removed forever and the problem must be due to something else."<br /><br><br /><br>Roth is forty-six, goes to the gym several times a week, and looks robust. ("One of the problems with Lyme is that people tend to look better than they are," he said.) He has received treatment—dietary supplements and dietary changes—from Horowitz, and his health has improved greatly. Like Kaleigh Ahern, he has difficult days, but they are less frequent. Recently, he was appointed to a federal advisory committee that is working on ways to improve Lyme diagnostics. He was one of the hosts of a gala, held by the Tick-Borne Disease Alliance, earlier this year, which raised eight hundred thousand dollars. "I try to act rationally and work with rational people," he went on. "Sometimes that is hard to do."<br /><br><br /><br>For Lyme activists to be taken seriously, they will have to be led more by people like Roth than by those who foster dark conspiracies. I was told by several Lyme activists that the government created the infection on Plum Island, that reporters at the Times have been "muzzled" and prevented from reporting honestly about Lyme, and that the N.I.H. has made a pact with pharmaceutical companies to ignore chronic Lyme. There is now a bill before the legislature in New York that would require insurance companies to reimburse long-term treatment with antibiotics—even though no study has proved their effectiveness, and treatment with I.V. antibiotics can cause serious, and sometimes fatal, complications.<br /><br><br /><br>Meanwhile, the scientists sometimes seem to respond more comfortably to data than to people. Researchers at the N.I.H. are pursing several lines of inquiry, including the possibility of bacterial persistence. The atmosphere resembles that of the early days of AIDS activism, when many of the individuals most at risk lost confidence in their doctors and sought their own medical answers. In the end, organizers of ACT UPand the Gay Men's Health Crisis became well known for their public protests, but they succeeded for another reason: they did their homework. Nobody was more knowledgeable about the course of H.I.V. infection than the best-informed activists.<br /><br><br /><br>Lyme-advocacy organizations need to rely on similarly well-informed people. Kaleigh Ahern is one of them. She recently presented a paper on the behavior of black-legged ticks at the annual meeting of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. "It was my thesis at Union," she explained. "I looked at the effects of soil pH on molting success. I wanted to know the ecological factors that make Lyme increase so steadily in this region." She has applied to graduate school, where she hopes to help develop more useful diagnostics for Lyme.<br /><br><br /><br>I asked if her parents were surprised that she has chosen to work with Lyme ticks. "They are horrified," she told me, laughing. "But, if I don't do it, who will? " ♦<br /><br><br /><br><a href="http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/07/01/130701fa_fact_specter?printable=true">http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/07/01/130701fa_fact_specter?printable=true</a>¤tPage=all

Michael Specter: The Growing Battle Over How to Treat Lyme Disease : The New Yorker

Kaleigh Ahern was twelve years old when a tick bit her. She noticed it "perched" on her shoulder when she was taking a shower one ...

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What Is One Thing That You Regret Learning in Medical School? - Slate

<base href="data:"><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; color: black; text-align: left; "><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; "><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; "><a href="https://www.quora.com/Medical-School/What-is-one-thing-that-you-regret-learning-in-medical-school" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); text-decoration: none; ">This question</a> originally appeared on <a href="http://www.quora.com/" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); text-decoration: none; ">Quora</a>.</em><br><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "><br>Answer by <a href="https://www.quora.com/Jae-Won-Joh" target="_blank" style="color: rgb(0, 102, 153); text-decoration: none; ">Jae Won Joh</a>, MD:</strong><br><br>Where to begin...<br><br><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; ">1) How </strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">colossally</em></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "> broken the U.S. health care system is.</strong><br></p></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 35px; "><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">monumentally</em> undereducated/misguided about health/medicine/ethics the people legislating health care are.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">desperately</em> most physicians avoid thinking about the problem; indeed, how many actively contribute to it in order to chase "patient satisfaction," the end-all-be-all these days in the highly political hospital world.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">mercilessly</em> this hurts patients, particularly the underserved.<br style="margin-bottom: 1em; "></li></ul></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; "><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; ">2) How </strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">uninvested</em></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "> most patients are in their own health.</strong><br></p></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 35px; "><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">lazily</em> most people would rather take a pill to control their obesity or cholesterol instead of watching less TV and getting up to exercise.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">massively </em>undereducated people are about basic nutrition facts that didn't have to be explained to their ancestors just a few generations ago.</li></ul></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; "><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; ">3) How </strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">uncertain</em></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "> the practice of "the standard of care" is.</strong><br></p></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 35px; "><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">traditionally</em> defined practices that legitimately may negatively affect patient care still survive. "This is how I was taught" is something I've heard way too often.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How evidence-based medicine struggles to make the rounds, as many have relatively little experience analyzing a study and how it should or should not affect their practice.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">tremendously</em> difficult it really is to actually prove something of clinical value, namely due to the fact that ethically, experimentation on humans is seen as horrifyingly unethical ... but at a certain point, you have to wonder if it's not just as unethical to keep up practices that we're not really sure are beneficial to the patient.<br style="margin-bottom: 1em; "></li></ul></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; "><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; ">4) How </strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "><em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">minimally</em></strong><strong style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-weight: bold; "> the process of educating a clinician has changed to adapt to modern times. Indeed, one wonders if we aren't going backward somewhat.</strong><br></p></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><ul style="margin: 0px 0px 0px 0em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; position: relative; left: 35px; "><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">ancient</em> the system is, expecting every medical student to take the same courses/rotations for three years and then somehow differentiate themselves into the 145 different medical specialties. This originates from a time when it was legitimately possible to know just about everything in the field of medicine with enough time/study.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">favoring</em> the system is to subservience, now that we have the hierarchy of attending physician, fellow, resident, medical student.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">frightening</em> it is that we emphasize memorizing and spewing out answers on tests instead of looking at ways to test actual clinical competence.</li><li style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; ">How <em style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; font-style: italic; ">poorly</em> the art of the physical exam is taught, in favor of far more expensive tests and imaging.<br style="margin-bottom: 1em; "></li></ul></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><p style="margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 1.5em; ">~~~~~<br>All that said, I still love what I do. There is much I would change if I had the power, but simply put, I do not; nor, I suspect, will I ever. So I do what good I can, when I can, where I can. We'll see if any of this changes in the years to come.<br></p></div><div class="text parbase section" style="margin: 1.5em 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px; font-size: 12px; font: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: verdana, sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 18px; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "></div></div><a href="http://www.slate.com/blogs/quora/2013/06/27/what_is_one_thing_that_you_regret_learning_in_medical_school.html">http://www.slate.com/blogs/quora/2013/06/27/what_is_one_thing_that_you_regret_learning_in_medical_school.html</a><div style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 14px; color: black; text-align: left; "><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>

What Is One Thing That You Regret Learning in Medical School? - Slate

This question  originally appeared on  Quora . Answer by  Jae Won Joh , MD: Where to begin... 1) How  colossally  broken the U.S. health car...

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Pig & Heifer

Pig & Heifer New York Delicatessan - a taste of America<div><br></div><div>We split a "Hot Colin" sandwich for lunch.  It was so good!!! We both said it tasted like America!</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAX6bzyAq8sG_hmWic-ako2fbTcoUhTDtsc_1j9JHqJ6MdFhSp2kMxzeXhOJr52RZ8OTC8j5JLBno7beHhcMcFcDKGKYg_kxApg3wzBlqWVnXd1IWkIW_3u4uKOVm5E07-QiTFtF_Y1PX/s640/blogger-image--210508104.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYAX6bzyAq8sG_hmWic-ako2fbTcoUhTDtsc_1j9JHqJ6MdFhSp2kMxzeXhOJr52RZ8OTC8j5JLBno7beHhcMcFcDKGKYg_kxApg3wzBlqWVnXd1IWkIW_3u4uKOVm5E07-QiTFtF_Y1PX/s640/blogger-image--210508104.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">It was my first time here and I loved it!! </div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmOkgw4PaVtqlDTGa311F6g27zJxyJlUsboKp0wDTHuhF2_43kQLYTljxa-Lfb4krNT68A9pI6vIFp6520P0LPFYGRttZvY_WDCidtpfEynvhjI-U9YB78ABOhUHD-cHqvMCRd5u5Fd8B6/s640/blogger-image--438600637.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmOkgw4PaVtqlDTGa311F6g27zJxyJlUsboKp0wDTHuhF2_43kQLYTljxa-Lfb4krNT68A9pI6vIFp6520P0LPFYGRttZvY_WDCidtpfEynvhjI-U9YB78ABOhUHD-cHqvMCRd5u5Fd8B6/s640/blogger-image--438600637.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Jk_YRRUEHVlojnN0LKQG1lZndbAiQWIuctu3eUQkEIOuf8LfyLDW9oHZg0BLyhqeTmoYVPk1dw-OrJpzViraFtVP29i1UIEVA0qnrhp1p3iDQ3BKAxDPQ-1PmzxOx0cwjYCwohr3NWTS/s640/blogger-image-1611594514.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4Jk_YRRUEHVlojnN0LKQG1lZndbAiQWIuctu3eUQkEIOuf8LfyLDW9oHZg0BLyhqeTmoYVPk1dw-OrJpzViraFtVP29i1UIEVA0qnrhp1p3iDQ3BKAxDPQ-1PmzxOx0cwjYCwohr3NWTS/s640/blogger-image-1611594514.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbu5AI627HnF8XRoKdl3xU-MvMcpNe50Qpg3KCSQUvQbJzmMthCfc5-7SR-UfgRfQboP61FhuOayphSOxMx6cBraTypZ_Zbn2s6SPHSZ0T5Zh0gYxjcrLAlSwbg1WQHMGQiKkTtd2PlDqn/s640/blogger-image--1433328633.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbu5AI627HnF8XRoKdl3xU-MvMcpNe50Qpg3KCSQUvQbJzmMthCfc5-7SR-UfgRfQboP61FhuOayphSOxMx6cBraTypZ_Zbn2s6SPHSZ0T5Zh0gYxjcrLAlSwbg1WQHMGQiKkTtd2PlDqn/s640/blogger-image--1433328633.jpg"></a></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div>

Pig & Heifer

Pig & Heifer New York Delicatessan - a taste of America We split a "Hot Colin" sandwich for lunch.  It was so good!!! We both ...

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Saturday morning on the porch....

<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvXgdc6jMdfvJMX1Bsyt-fGHlfcP3LIpFsDc2oKuJXgZ5Q3zUZ99L2ke8GmEUq8LW93GToFNz18_lXNV5q51OiwI9ftawpv0RhKsmJD7ppqd0JS7I1pLk7CdVBQHF5SqrlY6bQFMTqHkFT/s800/2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="243" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvXgdc6jMdfvJMX1Bsyt-fGHlfcP3LIpFsDc2oKuJXgZ5Q3zUZ99L2ke8GmEUq8LW93GToFNz18_lXNV5q51OiwI9ftawpv0RhKsmJD7ppqd0JS7I1pLk7CdVBQHF5SqrlY6bQFMTqHkFT/s400/2.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />Wow, what a gorgeous morning in the Shenandoah Valley ... a sweater morning! The sky is blue, the sun is out, temps are in the 60s, low humidity, and there's a stiff breeze with a cool edge to it that requires a sweater to ward off the shady chill. I can't help but think how nice it must be up on the mountain for those camping this weekend in Shenandoah National Park. <br /><br />We've had lots of rain this spring and into summer so the grass is green and lush, unlike some years when it's dried up and crispy by the July 4th holiday. The shade trees in our little oasis are blowing in the breeze, their leaves rustling and making dancing shadows on the yard. <br /><br />I just heard a sound in the gutter overhead so watched to see who was intruding on my quiet, and then a bright red cardinal flew from the roof to a nearby tree. He must have found a bug for his breakfast. Rabbits are munching on the smorgasbord that is our front yard ... nibble, hop, nibble, hop hop.  The birds are loud as they are every morning with their various chirps and calls to one another. The mournful sound of a dove can be heard in the distance.<br /><br />The bright orange daylilies are blooming as are the cheerful yellow coreopsis moonlight, and bright red roses. My potted annuals got a late start this year since I was about three weeks behind in planting them but they are catching up -- petunias, zinnias, impatiens, geraniums, heather, and other colorful additions on the porches and in the back yard around the outdoor tables. Flowers can be time-intensive but the reward of those overflowing blossoms that add splashes of color as well as fragrance in the air is well worth the effort.<br /><br />The wind, the leaves, the birds ... those are the only sounds this morning. It's going to be a great day....<br /><br />Photo by Lynn R. Mitchell

Augusta County flowers Lynn R. Mitchell Shenandoah Valley Virginia Saturday morning on the porch....

Wow, what a gorgeous morning in the Shenandoah Valley ... a sweater morning! The sky is blue, the sun is out, temps are in the 60s, low humi...

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Today's Teamster News 06.29.13

<a href="http://ntdtv.org/en/news/world/asia/2013-06-28/china-factory-resolution-reached-us-businessman-released.html">China Factory Resolution Reached, US Businessman Released</a>  NTD Television   ...A U.S. executive and his Chinese workers who held him captive for six days reached a resolution to a row about pay on Thursday...<br /><a href="http://americanmanufacturing.org/blog/us-trade-deficit-china-underestimated-according-new-study-value-added-trade#sthash.g2NlkqUq.dpuf">U.S. Trade Deficit with China Underestimated According to New Study of "Value-Added Trade." </a>manufacture this   ...A new study by the Economic Policy Institute (EPI) finds that, after accounting for net trade flows, the U.S. trade deficit with China is greater than has been suggested by both the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the World Trade Organization’s (WTO)...<br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/28/chinese-wind-turbine-sinovel-trade-secrets">Chinese wind-turbine firm charged with stealing US trade secrets</a>  The Guardian   ...Sinovel Wind Group and two of its executives were indicted in a federal court in Madison, Wisconsin, on Thursday. A former employee of the Massachusetts-based American Superconductor (AMSC) pleaded guilty in Klagenfurt, Austria, to stealing a source code for turbine controllers...<br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/28/chile-student-uprising-election">The 18-year-old voice of Chile's nationwide student uprising</a>  The Guardian   ...On Wednesday, Moisés Paredes helped organise a march of 100,000 protesters through the streets of Chile's capital, Santiago, calling for free university education...<br /><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/world/americas/brazil-protests-favelas">Poor, middle class unite in Brazil protests</a>  CNN   ... What started as a student mobilization transformed day by day to incorporate professionals, the middle class, and residents of the favelas, or slums...<br /><a href="http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2013/06/27/195222/troops-allegedly-misled-by-car.html#.Uc69Bj7F36k">Troops allegedly misled by car loan program to get refunds</a>  McClatchy   ...U.S. Bank and a Kentucky-based financial services provider agreed to refund $6.5 million to 50,000 military service members after federal regulators accused both companies of misleading borrowers about fees and costs associated with an auto loans program that targeted active-duty troops...<br /><a href="http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-06-27/bank-of-america-said-to-send-property-reviews-to-india.html">Bank of America Said to Send Property Reviews to India</a>  Bloomberg   ...Bank of America Corp. opened a unit in India to review home-valuation reports as it seeks to rebuild share in U.S. mortgages at a lower cost ... The firm also eliminated jobs of licensed U.S. workers in its LandSafe business...<br /><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/jun/28/senators-james-clapper-nsa-data-collection">Senators accuse government of using 'secret law' to collect Americans' data</a>  The Guardian   ...Bipartisan group seeks answers from intelligence chief James Clapper over scale of and justification for NSA surveillance...<br /><a href="http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2013/06/paid-sick-leave-florida-disney-alec">Forced to Work Sick? That's Fine With Disney, Red Lobster, and Their Friends at ALEC</a>  Mother Jones   ...The Florida law is the most recent in a series of victories by low-wage industries that, with the aid of Republican-led state legislatures, have succeeded in derailing or overriding measures providing this benefit to workers...<br /><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/06/28/north-carolina-unemployment_n_3515448.html?ncid=txtlnkushpmg00000037">North Carolina Dropped From Federal Unemployment Program</a>  Associated Press   ...With changes to its unemployment law taking effect this weekend, North Carolina not only is cutting benefits for those who file new claims, it will become the first state disqualified from a federal compensation program for the long-term jobless...<br /><a href="http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf/2013/06/heres_the_truth_about_oregons.html">Here's the truth about Oregon's 'right-to-work' initiative: Guest opinion</a>  The Oregonian   ...So-called right-to-work laws have nothing to do with anyone being forced to be a member of a union or to support political causes he or she disagrees with...<br /><a href="http://www.teamster.org/content/teamster-praise-passage-enterprise-zone-reform">Teamsters praise passage of enterprise zone reform</a>  Teamsters Joint Council 7  ...Teamsters Joint Council 7 hailed passage Thursday of Assembly Bill 93 by the California Assembly and Senate.  The bill restructures a $750 million job creation program towards manufacturing employers that create jobs with demonstrable economic benefits for workers and California’s most impoverished communities...<br /><a href="http://www.teamster.org/content/sun-times-refuses-union-advertising">Sun-Times refuses union advertising</a>  Teamsters Joint Council 25   ...On June 26, the Chicago Sun-Times refused to run an advertisement from unionized funeral directors employed by Service Corporation International (NYSE:  SCI) which appealed to the public for help in their contract negotiations with the $3 billion corporation...<br /><a href="http://www.teamster.org/content/religious-leaders-pledge-support-face-possible-funeral-labor-dispute">Religious leaders pledge support in face of possible funeral labor dispute</a>   Teamsters Joint Council 25   ... Religious leaders throughout the Chicago area have pledged their support for funeral directors and drivers whose employer, Service Corporation International (NYSE:SCI), is forcing to the brink of a labor dispute...<br /><a href="http://www.teamster.org/content/teamsters-ups-agree-extend-current-ups-national-contract">Teamsters, UPS agree to extend current UPS national contract</a>  IBT   ...The Teamsters Union and UPS have agreed to an extension of the current UPS National Master Agreement and all Supplements, Riders and Addenda. The extension does not have a specific end date, but can be terminated by either side with a 30-day notice...<br /><a href="http://www.teamster.org/content/teamsters-union-issues-statement-senate-passage-immigration-bill">Teamsters Union issues statement on Senate passage of immigration bill</a>  IBT   ... The International Brotherhood of Teamsters supports a path to citizenship for the 11 million undocumented men and women already living and working in this country. Keeping these workers in the shadows would continue their exploitation and the downward pressure on wages and labor standards. Bringing them out of the shadows is good policy...

Today's Teamster News 06.29.13

China Factory Resolution Reached, US Businessman Released  NTD Television   ...A U.S. executive and his Chinese workers who held him captiv...

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Bretzel Bakery

While we were in Key West, we cycled to the Eaton Bakery for breakfast most mornings.  Their freshly pastries were delicious, the coffee was good and they also had freshly squeezed orange juice.<div><br></div><div>Now that we are home in Ireland I wanted to recreate that lovely start to the day.  So this morning after dropping a pair of Ciaran's shoes to the cobbler and calling in to the vet with Bones, we walked to the Bretzel Bakery in Portobello.  It is a bakery that has been around since 1870 and it's in the Jewish Quarter of Dublin and is also a kosher bakery.</div><div><br></div><div>I was impressed when I saw the place and when I first entered the shop.  However I quickly became disappointed. They had no apple Danish and they didn't do coffee.  </div><div><br></div><div>I got a pain au chocolate and Ciaran got an almond croissant.  We then walked to Nick's for coffee where we sat outside and ate the pastries. Omg, further disappointment.  The pastries were doughy and tasteless. They should have been light and buttery but they were not one but.  It was not like KW at all.  :-(</div><div><br></div><div>But it means that I get to choose another bakery next weekend!!</div><div><br></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsI_lkmsisUuqjDSbZXS4eDe5OW8J_R6XSx5wK5blEsOH6S1p1UbO6I1YNctyvQfmeFW2MwQ7x6jyobJlxoM8WV69i1SynmPmo2puUzvw1R6Bo99aie67rVboiijFz_4bZjhPEWgoPyClZ/s640/blogger-image-220897669.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhsI_lkmsisUuqjDSbZXS4eDe5OW8J_R6XSx5wK5blEsOH6S1p1UbO6I1YNctyvQfmeFW2MwQ7x6jyobJlxoM8WV69i1SynmPmo2puUzvw1R6Bo99aie67rVboiijFz_4bZjhPEWgoPyClZ/s640/blogger-image-220897669.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Bones sitting patiently outside</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcBjjykzmQpG6W3ymtzc5VyhvvcGTIV_4MA7_oYb1z4r-u9Tw8mNv71-1wE3TMtl3oFoFi3SEb5QEgmIoGDkqkMyFwWkF0ca2THW1DZiFcqfunbgTI86Ubs4KJ8DLvxcIR3ssDmIcwbByV/s640/blogger-image--1638342885.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcBjjykzmQpG6W3ymtzc5VyhvvcGTIV_4MA7_oYb1z4r-u9Tw8mNv71-1wE3TMtl3oFoFi3SEb5QEgmIoGDkqkMyFwWkF0ca2THW1DZiFcqfunbgTI86Ubs4KJ8DLvxcIR3ssDmIcwbByV/s640/blogger-image--1638342885.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVNWL9IVD4CPFZYSzvX5QbM8PIwgfmJnelyh1vu7Q4pQcVtrDPNIxi3j_lvetjQPA08-qAgpbSS_LwR-zG3S0nOFXhpjY7bmgR4tDw0yJP1I-EdDFdOtFq2aatnfiM65ngNVpx5dPhNP_Q/s640/blogger-image-1638371565.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVNWL9IVD4CPFZYSzvX5QbM8PIwgfmJnelyh1vu7Q4pQcVtrDPNIxi3j_lvetjQPA08-qAgpbSS_LwR-zG3S0nOFXhpjY7bmgR4tDw0yJP1I-EdDFdOtFq2aatnfiM65ngNVpx5dPhNP_Q/s640/blogger-image-1638371565.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhbJhMYkqHlLlSfk79Fy-54pvL6gaN5bGQ0-fn4N2B64eKke9gDl8J_Ngh-n9aMUEFjJYRadPzwICGqJtVm5jc34wy6pgnnpNZ3MdY8pf9qbNHm1ciOXh7-yyh1dzY8rzUn3jbVHfwWJDZ/s640/blogger-image-460237544.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhbJhMYkqHlLlSfk79Fy-54pvL6gaN5bGQ0-fn4N2B64eKke9gDl8J_Ngh-n9aMUEFjJYRadPzwICGqJtVm5jc34wy6pgnnpNZ3MdY8pf9qbNHm1ciOXh7-yyh1dzY8rzUn3jbVHfwWJDZ/s640/blogger-image-460237544.jpg"></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><br></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;">Look at the size of the pain au chocolates!! (That is about the only positive thing I can say about them)</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg33HsIcq8IkNC_-OHI_7yuzGidA97Tvu6bLzYkj0RK8S-E5MK1YzIVFIvYWzBZmR1J6uun47shxWHcmYyqlntClPWeA8uNx1Ru8Okokt2LK-cEbnzQRVta_KpB3801sd9Nv_cYEzO_6ztm/s640/blogger-image-567840748.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg33HsIcq8IkNC_-OHI_7yuzGidA97Tvu6bLzYkj0RK8S-E5MK1YzIVFIvYWzBZmR1J6uun47shxWHcmYyqlntClPWeA8uNx1Ru8Okokt2LK-cEbnzQRVta_KpB3801sd9Nv_cYEzO_6ztm/s640/blogger-image-567840748.jpg"></a></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div><br></div>

Bretzel Bakery

While we were in Key West, we cycled to the Eaton Bakery for breakfast most mornings.  Their freshly pastries were delicious, the coffee was...

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Am I being paid to blog? Setting the record straight

I have been bothered all evening about a comment to my earlier post of my first weigh in video.  It pretty much said that someone on twitter was making suggestions that my blog is fake and I was being paid by the pharmaceutical company.  And it also suggested my first week was purely water weight.<br /><br />Let me be clear.  I am not being paid by ANYONE to do my blog.  I never heard of Belvic until I went to the doctor for an unrelated reason a week and a half ago.  In fact, my doctor had never heard of it until the RX sales rep stopped by with a brochure just moments before I got there.  It was all timing.<br /><br />In fact, I was skeptical just like many are and I appreciate that.  I didn't even get the RX filled for 3 days because I thought it was just another drug failure and I wasn't about to waste my money on the unknown.  It was when a precious friend posted a picture that was taken one day on facebook when I broke down in tears and I just realized, I MUST do something.  So, the next day, I got the RX filled since it was a free trial.  I was amazed by the immediate results.  So much so, I got excited about the possibilities for the first time in years.<br /><br />I will say one thing, I did some research on Belviq over those few days and I realized it was a really new drug.  So, realizing that to continue this course, it is going to cost me roughly $300 a month for Belvic and online nutritionist.  I have heard of cases where people can get sponsors and paid to blog.  I would be completely open to that idea.  I need to figure out how I will be able to do this financially!  Its going to be really really hard, but I am committed to it.  So, if Belviq ever approached me to sponsor my blog, I will totally take it up.  I will also let everyone know.  Mostly because I will be excited! HA.<br /><br />I am also looking at changing my blog site to go through a paid go-daddy site.  The reason for this is I can do a few things, most importantly, I can set up ads on the side bar to help generate a little monthly income based off of incoming views.  I can't stress enough that if my insurance would cover the RX, I would just keep the blog here and do as is.  But I have to figure out how to bridge this financial divide.   Also, I am sure you realize, but the cost of eating healthy is so much more expensive to the cost of eating poor.  I'm so used to my bad eating habits, that my budget is based off of that.  <br /><br />I hope this clears this up once and for all.  I want to thank the person that brought this to my attention.  I do not EVER want to appear deceptive for any reason.  I want to thank him personally for believing in me.<br /><br />I hope you all believe in me as well!!!  I am counting on each of my followers to encourage me.  Seeing my large audience every day encourages me.  So you don't even have to say anything, you just have to read my blog and I will know you were here!  Well, not know exactly who was here but know that SOMEONE was here ha!<br /><br />Have a great evening!

Am I being paid to blog? Setting the record straight

I have been bothered all evening about a comment to my earlier post of my first weigh in video.  It pretty much said that someone on twitter...

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Matt Said, Jay Said...1776

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdPpVg54vKTn7Hn-usyFu_hbCnlGkkaYElb4L3HGuZh_zJFUVApmwgeqSpLZkDkAHEkviwX6S0SZsLCbij7OA_i6AfMk3z0CmdFOd_f_v27-xdgZHYdrFQha3-_72FtMS7JreXAEm9cMU/s466/Tamra+4th+of+July+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjdPpVg54vKTn7Hn-usyFu_hbCnlGkkaYElb4L3HGuZh_zJFUVApmwgeqSpLZkDkAHEkviwX6S0SZsLCbij7OA_i6AfMk3z0CmdFOd_f_v27-xdgZHYdrFQha3-_72FtMS7JreXAEm9cMU/s640/Tamra+4th+of+July+2.jpg" width="313" /></a>Matt-Man town cries…Jayman pamphleteers…You, toss Orange Pekoe into Boston Harbor.<br /><br />Jay:  Hello Schmoop; it’s Jay.<br />Schmoop:  Hello Jay…Here’s Matt.<br />Matt: Hi Jayman, how is your evening?<br />Jay:  Not bad and yours?<br />Matt:  Pretty Good.<br /><br />Jay:  I was thinking about this Sunday’s show.<br />Matt:  And?<br />Jay:  We should do an <span style="color: blue;"><a href="http://www.blogtalkradio.com/im-with-stupid/2013/06/30/drunk-on-history" target="_blank">American History Show</a> </span>since the 4th of July is fast upon us.<br />Matt:  That’s a great idea.<br /><br />Jay:  I thought so.<br />Matt:  We could talk about our fave founding fathers, least fave Presidents, and fave Commanders-in-Chief.<br /><br />Jay:  Damn right.  Bobby Kraft could talk about famous battlefields like Pea Ridge.<br />Matt:  Buddy Acapella could sing our National Anthem.<br />Jay:  I could talk about many historical things because I’ve been known to turn a bitch.<br />Matt:  That’s hot.<br />Jay:  IKR?<br /><br />Matt:  We could also update today’s news.<br />Jay:  Damn right.  Slyder could give an update on the tragically funny news about Aaron Hernandez.<br />Matt:  Poor dude.  Had it all, but blew it like a bad tire.<br />Jay:  Maybe Paul Piatt?  Is he patriotic?<br />Matt:  More than you think!!<br /><br />Jay:  Hmmmmmmm…<br />Matt:  Lot of cookouts coming up this week, maybe Kirk Douglas could give us a weather report.<br />Jay:  If he’s still alive, he will.<br /><br />Matt:  Man, our <a href="http://www.blogtalkradio.com/im-with-stupid/2013/06/30/drunk-on-history" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">Drunk on History</span></a> show is going to be great!!<br />Jay:  I know right!?<br /><br />Matt:  Hey!?<br />Jay:  What?<br />Matt:  Something weird just happened.<br />Jay:  What’s that?<br /><br />Matt:  We actually discussed what we are going to do on Sunday’s show.<br />Jay:  Holy Independence; we actually did!!<br /><br /><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8aTy_vFmsDQ5XdhlWX2_VTEZdlS4QArrhLUvFz0B1CEzIoQvQwt47Eu9c6Jgua6g4ISWLjIMigqyps8Wojt8oscjDN3NRdqIIMwWd3H4jc-67i8RjSgvWB7g2u5FSL1eqnwn5Le5WG14/s300/4th+of+July.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8aTy_vFmsDQ5XdhlWX2_VTEZdlS4QArrhLUvFz0B1CEzIoQvQwt47Eu9c6Jgua6g4ISWLjIMigqyps8Wojt8oscjDN3NRdqIIMwWd3H4jc-67i8RjSgvWB7g2u5FSL1eqnwn5Le5WG14/s400/4th+of+July.jpg" width="400" /></a>Matt:  After nearly three years on the air, are we growing up and becoming mature?<br />Jay:  Oh Hell No.<br />Matt:  Why do you say that?<br />Jay:  Because after nearly 237 years, Congress hasn’t grown up.<br />Matt and Jay:  Heyyyyyyy-ooooooooo.<br /><br />Matt:  Annnnnnd Jayman, Angie will be on to discuss the SCOTUS DOMA ruling and Prop 8!!<br />Jay:  That’s HOT.<br /><br />Matt: This is going to be a jam packed show.<br />Jay:  Damn right and I hope people call-in at 661.244.9852<br />Matt:  Exactly, and listen to us by clicking <a href="http://www.blogtalkradio.com/im-with-stupid/2013/06/30/drunk-on-history" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">HERE</span></a><br /><br />Jay:  See you on the radio this Sunday from Noon-2 PM ET.<br />Matt:  And unto you, I say the same….<br /><br />To catch Jay and Matt LIVE this Sunday from Noon-2 PM ET you can click <a href="http://www.blogtalkradio.com/im-with-stupid/2013/06/30/drunk-on-history" target="_blank"><span style="color: blue;">HERE</span></a>.</div>

Matt Said, Jay Said...1776

Matt-Man town cries…Jayman pamphleteers…You, toss Orange Pekoe into Boston Harbor. Jay:  Hello Schmoop; it’s Jay. Schmoop:  Hello Jay…Here’s...

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White House Down: Slick summer heroics

<span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b><i>White House Down</i> </b></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>(2013) • <a href="http://trailers.apple.com/trailers/sony_pictures/whitehousedown/" style="color: #27a9c5; text-decoration: none;">View trailer</a></b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b> </b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>Four stars. Rating: PG-13, for fleeting profanity and relentless action violence</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><br /></span></span></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: #5e5e5e; font-family: Arial, Tahoma, Helvetica, FreeSans, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: normal;"><b>By <a href="http://www.blogger.com/profile/12885694730612878577" style="color: #27a9c5; text-decoration: none;">Derrick Bang</a> • </b></span>Originally published in <i><a href="http://www.davisenterprise.com/" style="color: #27a9c5; text-decoration: none;">The Davis Enterprise</a></i>, 6.28.13</b></span></span></span></span></span><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span> <!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:AllowPNG/> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves>false</w:TrackMoves> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridHorizontalSpacing> <w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing>18 pt</w:DrawingGridVerticalSpacing> <w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayHorizontalDrawingGridEvery> <w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery>0</w:DisplayVerticalDrawingGridEvery> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:DontAutofitConstrainedTables/> <w:DontVertAlignInTxbx/> </w:Compatibility> </w:WordDocument></xml><![endif]--><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:LatentStyles DefLockedState="false" LatentStyleCount="276"> </w:LatentStyles></xml><![endif]--> <!--[if gte mso 10]><style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} </style><![endif]--> <!--StartFragment--> <br /><div class="MsoNormalCxSpFirst"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">You gotta give ’em credit: Despite an invasion premise that confines the primary characters to the labyrinthine White House interior, this crowd-pleasing action epic manages to work in a car chase.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">And a reasonably plausible car chase, at that. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpJ8D6JIsw8tJVqOIc7S0xgZnOKn-Iwvusb6IAWPlujWjn8CKIGOCioPDqCspWP8qU831sAQ3xdNF3b8JDJaWU3EJfDAcN9TCsKQExP-d8wnZ2zjJ6vXOPmeUypSB8_q2OhWRf1lc2ZlM/s1600/White+House+Down+blog.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="313" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpJ8D6JIsw8tJVqOIc7S0xgZnOKn-Iwvusb6IAWPlujWjn8CKIGOCioPDqCspWP8qU831sAQ3xdNF3b8JDJaWU3EJfDAcN9TCsKQExP-d8wnZ2zjJ6vXOPmeUypSB8_q2OhWRf1lc2ZlM/s400/White+House+Down+blog.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: xx-small;">Having worked their way through secret tunnels that lead beneath the White House,<br />Cale (Channing Tatum, right) and President Sawyer (Jamie Foxx) are dismayed to<br />discover that the bad guys have blocked the way with a complicated bomb. Worse<br />yet, irritated thugs with guns are right behind them...</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Director Roland Emmerich and writer James Vanderbilt actually deserve credit for far more than that. Despite arriving late to this high-profile copycat party, <i>White House Down</i> is superior to spring’s <i><a href="http://derrickbang.blogspot.com/2013/03/olympus-has-fallen-if-only-it-were-so.html">Olympus Has Fallen</a></i>: a much smarter script, vastly better characters and a superior blend of action and hell-for-leather humor.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">THIS is the way I expect our heads of state to behave: defiant and resourceful in the face of death, rather than the cowardly, impotent weenies who populated <i>Olympus Has Fallen</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Granted, both films offer the same sort of quasi-political hokum, but <i>White House Down</i> delivers the (mostly) one-man derring-do with far more style. Despite a self-indulgent running time of 131 minutes, Emmerich and editor Adam Wolfe keep the pace crisp, the tension coiled and the heroics more or less reasonable.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vanderbilt’s narrative is a series of clever teases, with every small triumph offset by a newly discovered setback; we therefore cheer each cathartic victory while remaining invested in the primary goal that, vexingly, remains out of reach.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Best of all, we have a solid quartet of villains to boo and hiss: a turncoat mastermind and three delectably unscrupulous associates, each playing his part with gleefully malevolent brio. After all, heroes are measured by their adversaries.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">John Cale (Channing Tatum), a capable D.C. policeman, is less successful on the home front, having let down his young daughter, Emily (Joey King), once too often. This comes as no surprise to ex-wife Melanie (Rachelle Lefevre), who, while sympathetic, doesn’t put much stock in Cale’s insistence that he’s trying to atone for past mistakes. Emily, also not impressed, prefers to call her estranged father by his first name.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Hoping to recover some ground, Cale scores a second White House pass so that Emily can tag along when he applies for his dream job, as a member of the Secret Service staff assigned to protect President Sawyer (Jamie Foxx). Alas, Special Agent Finnerty (Maggie Gyllenhaal) also knows too much about Cale’s various character flaws, in part thanks to a long-ago affair with him. She thus denies him the shot.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><a name='more'></a><br /> <div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Not wanting to admit this newest failure to Emily, Cale yields to her desire for a White House tour. We’ve learned by now that Emily is a hard-core political enthusiast, with a passion for detail and a dreamy-eyed crush on President Sawyer; she therefore knows the answers to all the tricky questions posed by the tour guide (Nicolas Wright, as Donnie), much to the latter’s amused frustration.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Alas, this just happens to be the day when Walker (James Woods), a 25-year Secret Service veteran, goes rogue and orchestrates a complex revenge plot. Within minutes, thanks to an assault team that cleverly infiltrates the White House — and let’s hope it wouldn’t be anywhere near this easy, in real life! — the demolished Capitol dome has crashed into the lower floors, Walker has the president at gunpoint, 70 or so tour members are being held hostage, and Cale has been separated from his daughter (who chose this moment to use one of the posh White House bathrooms).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Security aides manage to get Vice President Hammond (Michael Murphy) airborne in Air Force One, while Speaker of the House Eli Raphelson (Richard Jenkins) is similarly safe in the military command center overseen by spit-and-polish Gen. Caulfield (Lance Reddick).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The invading commandos are led by the vicious Stenz (Jason Clarke) and the somewhat unstable Killick (Kevin Rankin), both of whom think nothing of offing a high-level politico in order to secure compliance from the others. Meanwhile, über-hacker Tyler (Jimmi Simpson), happily ensconced in the White House emergency bunker, methodically punches through all computer security protocols in order to gain access to ... we know not what. But we can imagine it’ll be bad, if he succeeds.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Oh, and outside military forces are prevented from mounting a rescue mission because a) they don’t want to risk injuring President Sawyer; and b) the baddies have control of the White House roof, where they’re able to repel any incursions with RPGs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">(Yeah, those are thin excuses, but hey: We’ve got a movie to enjoy. Go with the flow.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Can Cale make a difference? Will the sun rise in the east?<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tatum makes an engaging action hero from the “I’ve no other choice” school, as opposed to guys who know what they're doing at all times. Cale’s desire to find and protect his daughter is ample motivation: at times a stronger incentive than saving a president he didn’t vote for (one of this film’s many droll running gags). <o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That said, Cale quickly links up with Sawyer, and the two become a resourceful team: The former has the military training — tours of duty in Afghanistan, carefully noted early on — while the latter knows “his house” inside and out.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Foxx is careful to maintain Sawyer’s limitations: He’s a decisive and quick-thinking strategist, to be sure, but otherwise a vulnerable head of state quite content to follow Cale’s lead (as opposed to, for example, Harrison Ford’s commando-style president in 1997’s <i>Air Force One</i>). This is smart synergy on the part of Emmerich and Vanderbilt: Cale and Sawyer cleverly complement each other, just as Tatum and Foxx make excellent use of the initially prickly wariness between these two characters, which (of course) quickly blossoms into mutual trust.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The stand-out performance, however, comes from young Joey King’s bold and plucky Emily: definitely the toughest, smartest and most quick-witted little girl we’ve seen in a <i>long</i> time. King pulls it all off quite credibly; when she screws her little face into a furious sneer and defiantly stares down Stenz and Killick, angrily telling one to get out of her face, it’s hard to resist shouting, “You <i>go</i>, girl!”<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">King earns considerable good will throughout this film, which is essential, if we’re to greet her climactic act without rolling our eyes. (Emmerich rarely resists an opportunity for some old-fashioned, heart-thumping displays of patriotism.)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Gyllenhaal is properly focused and steely eyed as the capable Finnerty, while Simpson — a popular character actor with an active résumé of big-screen and TV roles — has a field day as the droll, lollypop-sucking Tyler.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Woods chews up the scenery in similar style, as the vengeance-fueled Walker. Woods always is at his best as an impatient villain who grows increasingly annoyed with his underlings, contempt dripping from every hard-bitten syllable. He’s the pluperfect criminal mastermind astonished by the interference of one lone guy: a juicy addition to the bad-guy template established so well by Alan Rickman, in 1988’s <i>Die Hard</i> (the only noteworthy entry in that series).<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The always capable Jenkins, with a long history of <i>becoming</i> his roles, looks and sounds every inch the seasoned politician. Wright provides welcome comic relief as the tour guide, although his character isn’t quite as frivolous as he seems. Andrew Simms memorably depicts a Rush Limbaugh-ish media gasbag, and Jackie Geary makes the most of her small role as a White House staffer smitten by Cale.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">I’m less satisfied, however, with Murphy’s portrayal of Hammond as an indecisive idiot, a numb-nuts character who would have been more at home in <i>Olympus Has Fallen</i>. Really, must cinema’s U.S. vice presidents be depicted like Nigel Bruce’s bumbling Watson in the Basil Rathbone Sherlock Holmes movies? It’s the one glaringly sour note in Vanderbilt’s otherwise solid script.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">That quibble aside, Vanderbilt knows his way around twisty scenarios, having adapted Robert Graysmith’s book for director David Fincher’s 2007 handling of <i>Zodiac</i>. Vanderbilt is clever about details, so pay close attention to the opening act; clues are dropped that’ll later prove quite significant.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Stunt coordinator John Stoneham Jr. and visual effects supervisors Volker Engel and Marc Weigert are kept busy. The aforementioned car chase is a corker, as are sequences involving assault helicopters and jet fighters. Yes, Tatum and Sawyer are ridiculously adept at dodging fusillades of high-powered bullets, but that has become <i>de rigueur</i> in flicks of this nature.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><span style="font-weight: normal;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Emmerich has a long history of thunderously overblown, audience-pleasing epics that go back to <i>Stargate</i> and <i>Independence Day</i> (the latter getting a wink-nudge shout-out here), and more recently include the less satisfying <i><a href="http://derrickbang.blogspot.com/2008/03/10000-bc-too-primitive.html">10,000 BC</a></i> and <i><a href="http://derrickbang.blogspot.com/2009/11/2012-end-of-days.html">2012</a></i>. I’m happy to note that <i>White House Down</i> lacks the unpalatably casual mass brutality of <i>2012</i>; all the characters here matter, and the occasional instances of collateral homicide take place logically, rather than as a pointless excuse to ratchet up the body count.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div><div class="MsoNormalCxSpMiddle"><br /></div><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In sum, <i>White House Down</i> is a capably mounted and enjoyably executed ride. You really can’t expect more from a summer popcorn thriller.</span></span><!--EndFragment-->

2013 action Channing Tatum Four Star Films James Woods Jamie Foxx Jason Clarke Jimmi Simpson Joey King Maggie Gyllenhaal Richard Jenkins Roland Emmerich White House Down: Slick summer heroics

White House Down   (2013) •  View trailer   Four stars. Rating: PG-13, for fleeting profanity and relentless action violence By  Derrick Ban...

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Librarian I - Hamden Public Library

<strong>Librarian I - </strong><strong><strong><span style="color: #48286d;">Hamden Public Library</span></strong></strong>. Position definition: Performs professional library duties in the areas of reference services, technical services or children's services. Provides instruction in the use of electronic and print information sources in these areas and assists library patrons in the selection and use of library materials. Supervision Received: Works under the general direction of the immediate supervisor as determined by the Library Director, who assigns areas of responsibility, outlines policy and procedures, provides guidance as necessary and evaluates work in terms of accuracy and effectiveness. Works with independence in assigned areas. Makes regular reports to Supervisor, including statistical information for activity reports. Supervision Exercised: Provides general supervision to Library Technical Assistants, Library Clerks, Library Pages and volunteers. Examples of Essential Job Duties: Performs basic professional librarian duties, the specifics of which depend upon the unit to which the employee is assigned. Minimum Qualifications Required: The minimum qualifications required for this position is a Master’s Degree in Library Science from an accredited college or university and some working or internship experience in a public library. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities: Must have a working knowledge of library principles and practices. A working knowledge of the Dewey Decimal Classification System required. Must possess a working knowledge of and facility with current library-related technologies in a variety of platforms as well as the ability and willingness to embrace technological advances as they arise. Must be able to use the Town's email system. The ability to apply principles of library science to solve practical problems where only limited standardization exists is required. Must be able to carry out instructions furnished in written, oral and scheduled form. Must be able to work with patrons in a busy public service-oriented setting and have the ability to establish and maintain effective working relationships with the library staff. Applications and copies of the job description are available in the Personnel/Civil Service Office from 8:30 - 4:30 PM and on the Town of Hamden website, <a _fcksavedurl="http://www.hamden.com" href="http://www.hamden.com/" target="_blank">www.hamden.com</a>. Closing date: Thursday, <span style="color: red;">July 11, 2013</span> @ 4:00 PM.

Librarian I - Hamden Public Library

Librarian I - Hamden Public Library . Position definition: Performs professional library duties in the areas of reference services, techn...

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